Ans: B

Although the singular a sperm whale can be used to refer to sperm whales generally, the plural their needs to refer to the plural sperm whales.

Ans: A

B) They is intended to refer to theorems but instead refers to mathematicians, causing confusion.

C) Structured in this way, the sentence does not make sense. Only one is intended to refer to G. H. Hardy but instead seems to refer to theorems, causing confusion. If only one is taken to refer to G. H. Hardy, the absence of a comma after the name and the absence of an object for recognized make the sentence ungrammatical.

D) e sentence is ungrammatical because G. H. Hardy serves as the subject of a clause but is not paired with a verb.

E) Only one G. H. Hardy recognized incorrectly implies (in an awkwardly inverted wording structure) that Hardy recognized only one theorem; these theorems were brilliant thanks to Hardy’s recognition illogically suggests that Hardy’s recognition is what made the theorems brilliant.

Ans: C

E) The referent of "those" is unclear; presumably it refers to nests, but grammatically it has no clear antecedent. If it is taken to refer to nests, those creates an illogical comparison with raider ants.

Ans: D

B) the referent of the pronoun it is ambiguous.

Ans: A

B) In this context, needle layer is less precise than the more standard layer of needles, which makes it clear that the layer is composed of needles rather than being, for example, a layer of a needle.

Recent interdisciplinary studies advance the argument that emotions, including those deemed personal or private is a social phenomenon, though one inseparable from bodily response. (A) private is a social phenomenon, though one inseparable (B) private, are social phenomena that are inseparable (C) private are a social phenomenon but are not those separable (D) private—are social phenomena but not separable (E) also as private emotions, are social phenomena not inseparable

The intricate structure of the compound insect eye, having hundreds of miniature eyes called ommatidia, help explain why scientists have assumed that it evolved independently of the vertebrate eye. (A) having hundreds of miniature eyes called ommatidia, help explain why scientists have assumed that it (B) having hundreds of miniature eyes that are called ommatidia, helps explain why scientists have assumed that they (C) with its hundreds of miniature eyes that are called ommatidia, helps explain scientists’ assuming that they (D) with its hundreds of miniature eyes called ommatidia, help explain scientists’ assuming that it (E) with its hundreds of miniature eyes called ommatidia, helps explain why scientists have assumed that it

Cost cutting and restructuring has allowed the manufacturing company to lower its projected losses for the second quarter, and they are forecasting a pro t before the end of the year. (A) has allowed the manufacturing company to lower its projected losses for the second quarter, and they are forecasting (B) has allowed for the manufacturing company to lower its projected losses in the second quarter and to forecast (C) have allowed that the manufacturing company can lower the projected losses for the second quarter, and to forecast (D) have allowed the manufacturing company to lower its projected second-quarter losses and to forecast (E) have allowed for the manufacturing company to lower the projected losses in the second quarter, as well as forecasting

Discussion of greenhouse effects have usually had as a focus the possibility of Earth growing warmer and to what extent it might, but climatologists have indicated all along that precipitation, storminess, and temperature extremes are likely to have the greatest impact on people. (A) Discussion of greenhouse effects have usually had as a focus the possibility of Earth growing warmer and to what extent it might, (B) Discussion of greenhouse effects has usually had as its focus whether Earth would get warmer and what the extent would be, (C) Discussion of greenhouse effects has usually focused on whether Earth would grow warmer and to what extent, (D) The discussion of greenhouse effects have usually focused on the possibility of Earth getting warmer and to what extent it might, (E) The discussion of greenhouse effects has usually focused on whether Earth would grow warmer and the extent that is,

The use of the bar code, or Universal Product Code, which was created in part to enable supermarkets to process customers at a faster rate, has expanded beyond supermarkets to other retail outlets and have become readily accepted despite some initial opposition when it was first introduced in 1974. (A) have become readily accepted despite some initial opposition when it was first introduced in 1974 (B) has become readily accepted despite some initial opposition when they were first introduced in 1974 (C) have become readily accepted despite some initial opposition when first introduced in 1974 (D) has become readily accepted despite some initial opposition when the bar code was first introduced in 1974 (E) bar codes have become readily accepted despite some initial opposition when it was first introduced in 1974

A surge in new home sales and a drop in weekly unemployment claims suggest that the economy might not be as weak as some analysts previously thought. (A) claims suggest that the economy might not be as weak as some analysts previously thought (B) claims suggests that the economy might not be so weak as some analysts have previously thought (C) claims suggest that the economy might not be as weak as have been previously thought by some analysts (D) claims, suggesting about the economy that it might not be so weak as previously thought by some analysts (E) claims, suggesting the economy might not be as weak as previously thought to be by some analysts

According to a recent study of consumer spending on prescription medications, increases in the sales of the 50 drugs that were advertised most heavily accounts for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, the remainder of which came from sales of the 9,850 prescription medicines that companies did not advertise or advertised very little. (A) heavily accounts for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, the remainder of which came (B) heavily were what accounted for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year; the remainder of the increase coming (C) heavily accounted for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, the remainder of the increase coming (D) heavily, accounting for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, while the remainder of the increase came (E) heavily, which accounted for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, with the remainder of it coming

Ryu–nosuke Akutagawa’s knowledge of the literatures of Europe, China, and that of Japan were instrumental in his development as a writer, informing his literary style as much as the content of his ction. (A) that of Japan were instrumental in his development as a writer, informing his literary style as much as (B) that of Japan was instrumental in his development as a writer, and it informed both his literary style as well as (C) Japan was instrumental in his development as a writer, informing both his literary style and (D) Japan was instrumental in his development as a writer, as it informed his literary style as much as (E) Japan were instrumental in his development as a writer, informing both his literary style in addition to

In a review of 2,000 studies of human behavior that date back to the 1940s, two Swiss psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social class and family size, none could be taken seriously. (A) psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social class and family size, (B) psychologists, declaring that most of the studies failed in not controlling for such variables like social class and family size, and (C) psychologists declared that since most of the studies, having failed to control for such variables as social class and family size, (D) psychologists declared that since most of the studies fail in controlling for such variables like social class and family size, (E) psychologists declared that since most of the studies had failed to control for variables such as social class and family size,

Air traffic routes over the North Pole are currently used by only two or three planes a day, but it was found by a joint Canadian–Russian study to be both feasible as well as desirable if those routes are opened to thousands more commercial planes a year. (A) Air traffic routes over the North Pole are currently used by only two or three planes a day, but it was found by a joint Canadian–Russian study to be both feasible as well as desirable if those routes are opened to thousands more commercial planes a year. (B) Currently used by only two or three planes a day, a joint Canadian–Russian study has found that if air traffic routes over the North Pole are opened to thousands more commercial planes a year, it would be both feasible and desirable. (C) A joint Canadian–Russian study, finding it to be both feasible as well as desirable to open air traffic routes over the North Pole, which are currently used by only two or three planes a day, to thousands more commercial planes a year. (D) Although air traffic routes over the North Pole are currently used by only two or three planes a day, a joint Canadian–Russian study has found that opening those routes to thousands more commercial planes a year is both feasible and desirable. (E) With air traffic routes over the North Pole currently used by only two or three planes a day, opening those routes to thousands more commercial planes a year has been found by a joint Canadian—Russian study as both feasible and desirable.

Although Alice Walker published a number of essays, poetry collections, and stories during the 1970s, her third novel, The Color Purple, which was published in 1982, brought her the widest acclaim in that it won both the National Book Award as well as the Pulitzer Prize. (A) which was published in 1982, brought her the widest acclaim in that it won both the National Book Award as well as the Pulitzer Prize (B) published in 1982, bringing her the widest acclaim by winning both the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize (C) published in 1982, brought her the widest acclaim, winning both the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize (D) was published in 1982 and which, winning both the National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize, brought her the widest acclaim (E) was published in 1982, winning both the National Book Award as well as the Pulitzer Prize, and bringing her the widest acclaim

In 1913, the largely self-taught Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan mailed 120 of his theorems to three different British mathematicians; only one, G. H. Hardy, recognized the brilliance of these theorems, but thanks to Hardy’s recognition, Ramanujan was eventually elected to the Royal Society of London. (A) only one, G. H. Hardy, recognized the brilliance of these theorems, but (B) they were brilliant, G. H. Hardy alone recognized, but (C) these theorems were brilliant, but only one, G. H. Hardy recognized; (D) but, only one, G. H. Hardy, recognizing their brilliance, (E) only one G. H. Hardy recognized, but these theorems were brilliant

Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language. (A) Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are (B) Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are (C) Neuroscientists amassing a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood over the past twenty years, and are (D) Neuroscientists have amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, (E) Neuroscientists have amassed, over the past twenty years, a wealth of knowledge about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,

According to a recent study of consumer spending on prescription medications, increases in the sales of the 50 drugs that were advertised most heavily accounts for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, the remainder of which came from sales of the 9,850 prescription medicines that companies did not advertise or advertised very little. (A) heavily accounts for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, the remainder of which came (B) heavily were what accounted for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year; the remainder of the increase coming (C) heavily accounted for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, the remainder of the increase coming (D) heavily, accounting for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, while the remainder of the increase came (E) heavily, which accounted for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, with the remainder of it coming

Emily Dickinson’s letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumbering her letters to anyone else. (A) Dickinson were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumbering (B) Dickinson were written over a period that begins a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ended shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumber (C) Dickinson, written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and that ends shortly before Emily’s death in 1886 and outnumbering (D) Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother, ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, and outnumbering (E) Dickinson, which were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan’s marriage to Emily’s brother and ending shortly before Emily’s death in 1886, outnumber

Making things even more dif cult has been general market inactivity lately, if not paralysis, which has provided little in the way of pricing guidance. (A) has been general market inactivity lately, if not paralysis, which has provided (B) there is general market inactivity, if not paralysis, lately it has provided (C) general market inactivity, if not paralysis, has lately provided (D) lately, general market inactivity, if not paralysis, has provided (E) is that lately general market inactivity, if not paralysis, which provides

In a review of 2,000 studies of human behavior that date back to the 1940s, two Swiss psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social class and family size, none could be taken seriously. (A) psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social class and family size, (B) psychologists, declaring that most of the studies failed in not controlling for such variables like social class and family size, and (C) psychologists declared that since most of the studies, having failed to control for such variables as social class and family size, (D) psychologists declared that since most of the studies fail in controlling for such variables like social class and family size, (E) psychologists declared that since most of the studies had failed to control for variables such as social class and family size,

In the seventh century B.C., the Roman alphabet was adapted from the Etruscan alphabet, which in turn had been adapted in the previous century from a western Greek alphabet, which itself had been adapted earlier in the same century from the Phoenician alphabet. (A) which itself had been adapted earlier (B) adapting itself earlier (C) itself being adapted earlier (D) having been earlier adapted itself (E) earlier itself having been adapted

There are several ways to build solid walls using just mud or clay, but the most extensively used method has been the forming of bricks out of mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, they are laid in the wall in mud mortar. (A) the forming of bricks out of mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, they are laid (B) forming the mud or clay into bricks, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, to lay them (C) having bricks formed from mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, they were laid (D) to form the mud or clay into bricks, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, to lay them (E) that bricks were formed from mud or clay, which, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, were laid

Bengal‐born writer, philosopher, and educator Rabindranath Tagore had the greatest admiration for Mohandas K. Gandhi the person and also as a politician, but Tagore had been skeptical of Gandhi’s form of nationalism and his conservative opinions about India’s cultural traditions. (A) for Mohandas K. Gandhi the person and also as a politician, but Tagore had been (B) for Mohandas K. Gandhi as a person and as a politician, but Tagore was also (C) for Mohandas K. Gandhi not only as a person and as a politician, but Tagore was also (D) of Mohandas K. Gandhi as a person and as also a politician, but Tagore was (E) of Mohandas K. Gandhi not only as a person and as a politician, but Tagore had also been

The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) had long been expected to announce a reduction in output to bolster sagging oil prices, but of cials of the organization just recently announced that the group will pare daily production by 1.5 million barrels by the beginning of next year, but only if non‐ OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, were to trim output by a total of 500,000 barrels a day. (A) year, but only if non‐OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, were to trim output (B) year, but only if the output of non‐OPEC nations, which includes Norway, Mexico, and Russia, is trimmed (C) year only if the output of non‐OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, would be trimmed (D) year only if non‐OPEC nations, which includes Norway, Mexico, and Russia, were trimming output (E) year only if non‐OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, trim output

Between 14,000 and 8,000 B.C. the ice cap that covered northern Asia, Europe, and America began to melt, uncovering vast new areas that were to be occupied by migrating peoples moving northward. (A) began to melt, uncovering vast new areas that were to be occupied (B) began melting, to uncover vast new areas to be occupied (C) began, by melting, to uncover vast new areas for occupation (D) began, after melting, uncovering vast new areas which are to be occupied (E) would begin to uncover, through melting, vast new areas for occupation

Ans: D

A) The passive verb form were announced suggests that someone other than the chief executive is outlining the strategy.

Ans: D

B) This is a run‐on sentence, with two independent clauses (Making things even more difficult there is general market inactivity, if not paralysis, and lately it has provided little in the way of pricing guidance) conjoined merely by a comma, rather than by a coordinating conjunction, such as and.

To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic determinants of fertility. (A) have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic (B) have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical (C) would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical (D) would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economic (E) would have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic

Laos has a land area about the same as Great Britain but only four million in population, where many are members of hill tribes ensconced in the virtually inaccessible mountain valleys of the north. (A) about the same as Great Britain but only four million in population, where many (B) of about the same size as Great Britain is, but in Laos there is a population of only four million, and many (C) that is about the same size as Great Britain’s land area, but in Laos with a population of only four million people, many of them (D) comparable to the size of Great Britain, but only four million in population, and many (E) comparable to that of Great Britain but a population of only four million people, many of whom

Ans: A

C) The short direct object any forest fires is separated from its verb withstand by an adverb phrase; this word order is awkward, and is acceptable only with very long direct objects and in some cases where there is no other reasonable way to eliminate ambiguity.

Ans: E

In general, direct modifiers (such as with the (hotel) service) should not be separated from the word they modify (such as dissatisfaction) if possible.

Air traffic routes over the North Pole are currently used by only two or three planes a day, but it was found by a joint Canadian–Russian study to be both feasible as well as desirable if those routes are opened to thousands more commercial planes a year. (A) Air traffic routes over the North Pole are currently used by only two or three planes a day, but it was found by a joint Canadian–Russian study to be both feasible as well as desirable if those routes are opened to thousands more commercial planes a year. (B) Currently used by only two or three planes a day, a joint Canadian–Russian study has found that if air traffic routes over the North Pole are opened to thousands more commercial planes a year, it would be both feasible and desirable. (C) A joint Canadian–Russian study, finding it to be both feasible as well as desirable to open air traffic routes over the North Pole, which are currently used by only two or three planes a day, to thousands more commercial planes a year. (D) Although air traffic routes over the North Pole are currently used by only two or three planes a day, a joint Canadian–Russian study has found that opening those routes to thousands more commercial planes a year is both feasible and desirable. (E) With air traffic routes over the North Pole currently used by only two or three planes a day, opening those routes to thousands more commercial planes a year has been found by a joint Canadian—Russian study as both feasible and desirable.

Written early in the French Revolution, Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Man (1790) and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) attributed Europe’s social and political ills to be the result of the dominance of aristocratic values and patriarchal hereditary privilege. (A) Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Man (1790) and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) attributed Europe’s social and political ills to be the result of (B) Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Man (1790) and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) attributed Europe’s social and political ills to result from (C) Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Man (1790) and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) attributed Europe’s social and political ills to (D) in A Vindication of the Rights of Man (1790) and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), Mary Wollstonecraft attributed Europe’s social and political ills to have been the result of (E) Mary Wollstonecraft, in A Vindication of the Rights of Man (1790) and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), attributed Europe’s social and political ills to

Using study groups managed by the principal popular organizations and political parties, the Swedish public was informed by the government about energy and nuclear power. (A) the Swedish public was informed by the government about energy and nuclear power (B) the government informed the Swedish public about energy and nuclear power (C) energy and nuclear power information was given to the Swedish public by the government (D) information about energy and nuclear power was given to the Swedish public by the government (E) the public of Sweden was given energy and nuclear power information by the government

Not trusting themselves to choose wisely among the wide array of investment opportunities on the market, stockbrokers are helping many people who turn to them to buy stocks that could be easily bought directly. (A) stockbrokers are helping many people who turn to them to buy stocks that could be easily (B) stockbrokers are helping many people who are turning to them for help in buying stocks that they could easily have (C) many people are turning to stockbrokers for help from them to buy stocks that could be easily (D) many people are turning to stockbrokers for help to buy stocks that easily could have been (E) many people are turning to stockbrokers for help in buying stocks that could easily be

evidence Suggesting That ??? (vs Evidence that suggest or evidence which suggest) Remember to add in the Idiom (Suggest and Evidence)

Digging in sediments in northern China, evidence has been gathered by scientists suggesting that complex life‐forms emerged much earlier than they had previously thought. (A) evidence has been gathered by scientists suggesting that complex life‐forms emerged much earlier than they had (B) evidence gathered by scientists suggests a much earlier emergence of complex life‐forms than had been (C) scientists have gathered evidence suggesting that complex life‐forms emerged much earlier than (D) scientists have gathered evidence that suggests a much earlier emergence of complex life‐forms than that which was (E) scientists have gathered evidence which suggests a much earlier emergence of complex life‐forms than that

Outlining his strategy for nursing the troubled conglomerate back to health, the chief executive’s plans were announced on Wednesday for cutting the company’s huge debt by selling nearly $12 billion in assets over the next 18 months. (A) executive’s plans were announced on Wednesday for cutting the company’s huge debt by selling nearly $12 billion in assets over the next 18 months (B) executive’s plans, which are to cut the company’s huge debt by selling nearly $12 billion in assets over the next 18 months, were announced on Wednesday (C) executive’s plans for cutting the company’s huge debt by selling nearly $12 billion in assets over the next 18 months were announced on Wednesday (D) executive announced plans Wednesday to cut the company’s huge debt by selling nearly $12 billion in assets over the next 18 months (E) executive announced plans Wednesday that are to cut the company’s huge debt by selling nearly $12 billion in assets over the next 18 months

Despite its covering the entire planet, Earth has a crust that is not seamless or stationary, rather it is fragmented into mobile semirigid plates. (A) Despite its covering the entire planet, Earth has a crust that is not seamless or stationary, rather it is (B) Despite the fact that it covers the entire planet, Earth’s crust is neither seamless nor is it stationary, but is (C) Despite covering the entire planet, Earth’s crust is neither seamless nor is it stationary, but rather (D) Although it covers the entire planet, Earth’s crust is neither seamless nor stationary, but rather (E) Although covering the entire planet, Earth has a crust that is not seamless or stationary, but

Having been named for a mythological nymph who cared for the infant Jupiter, the asteroid named Ida, in the middle of the belt of asteroids that orbit the Sun between Mars and Jupiter, was discovered in 1884. (A) Having been named for a mythological nymph who cared for the infant Jupiter, the asteroid named Ida, in the middle of the belt of asteroids that orbit the Sun between Mars and Jupiter, was discovered in 1884. (B) Discovered in 1884, the asteroid Ida, named for a mythological nymph who cared for the infant Jupiter, is in the middle of the belt of asteroids that orbit the Sun between Mars and Jupiter. (C) In the middle of the belt of asteroids that orbit the Sun between Mars and Jupiter, the asteroid Ida, discovered in 1884 and named for a mythological nymph who cared for the infant Jupiter. (D) The asteroid Ida, named for a mythological nymph who cared for the infant Jupiter and discovered in 1884, is in the middle of the belt of asteroids to orbit the Sun between Mars and Jupiter. (E) Ida, an asteroid discovered in 1884 and which was named for a mythological nymph who cared for the infant Jupiter, is in the middle of the belt of asteroids to orbit the Sun between Mars and Jupiter

Air traffic routes over the North Pole are currently used by only two or three planes a day, but it was found by a joint Canadian–Russian study to be both feasible as well as desirable if those routes are opened to thousands more commercial planes a year. (A) Air traffic routes over the North Pole are currently used by only two or three planes a day, but it was found by a joint Canadian–Russian study to be both feasible as well as desirable if those routes are opened to thousands more commercial planes a year. (B) Currently used by only two or three planes a day, a joint Canadian–Russian study has found that if air traffic routes over the North Pole are opened to thousands more commercial planes a year, it would be both feasible and desirable. (C) A joint Canadian–Russian study, finding it to be both feasible as well as desirable to open air traffic routes over the North Pole, which are currently used by only two or three planes a day, to thousands more commercial planes a year. (D) Although air traffic routes over the North Pole are currently used by only two or three planes a day, a joint Canadian–Russian study has found that opening those routes to thousands more commercial planes a year is both feasible and desirable. (E) With air traffic routes over the North Pole currently used by only two or three planes a day, opening those routes to thousands more commercial planes a year has been found by a joint Canadian—Russian study as both feasible and desirable.

A pioneer journalist, Nellie Bly’s exploits included circling the globe faster than Jules Verne’s ctional Phileas Fogg. (A) A pioneer journalist, Nellie Bly’s exploits included (B) The exploits of Nellie Bly, a pioneer journalist, included (C) Nellie Bly was a pioneer journalist including in her exploits the (D) Included in the pioneer journalist Nellie Bly’s exploits are (E) The pioneer journalist’s exploits of Nellie Bly included

In 1850, Lucretia Mott published her Discourse on Women, arguing in a treatise for women to have equal political and legal rights and for changes in the married women’s property laws. (A) arguing in a treatise for women to have equal political and legal rights (B) arguing in a treatise for equal political and legal rights for women (C) a treatise that advocates women’s equal political and legal rights (D) a treatise advocating women’s equal political and legal rights (E) a treatise that argued for equal political and legal rights for women

The intricate structure of the compound insect eye, having hundreds of miniature eyes called ommatidia, help explain why scientists have assumed that it evolved independently of the vertebrate eye. (A) having hundreds of miniature eyes called ommatidia, help explain why scientists have assumed that it (B) having hundreds of miniature eyes that are called ommatidia, helps explain why scientists have assumed that they (C) with its hundreds of miniature eyes that are called ommatidia, helps explain scientists’ assuming that they (D) with its hundreds of miniature eyes called ommatidia, help explain scientists’ assuming that it (E) with its hundreds of miniature eyes called ommatidia, helps explain why scientists have assumed that it

The intricate structure of the compound insect eye, having hundreds of miniature eyes called ommatidia, help explain why scientists have assumed that it evolved independently of the vertebrate eye. (A) having hundreds of miniature eyes called ommatidia, help explain why scientists have assumed that it (B) having hundreds of miniature eyes that are called ommatidia, helps explain why scientists have assumed that they (C) with its hundreds of miniature eyes that are called ommatidia, helps explain scientists’ assuming that they (D) with its hundreds of miniature eyes called ommatidia, help explain scientists’ assuming that it (E) with its hundreds of miniature eyes called ommatidia, helps explain why scientists have assumed that it

Unlike the nests of leaf cutters and most other ants, E situated underground or in pieces of wood, raider ants make a portable nest by entwining their long legs to form “curtains” of ants that hang from logs or boulders, providing protection for the queen and the colony larvae and pupae. (A) the nests of leaf cutters and most other ants, (B) the nests of leaf cutters and most other ants, which are (C) leaf cutters and most other ants, whose nests are (D) leaf cutters and most other ants in having nests (E) those of leaf cutters and most other ants with nests

Between 14,000 and 8,000 B.C. the ice cap that covered northern Asia, Europe, and America began to melt, uncovering vast new areas that were to be occupied by migrating peoples moving northward. (A) began to melt, uncovering vast new areas that were to be occupied (B) began melting, to uncover vast new areas to be occupied (C) began, by melting, to uncover vast new areas for occupation (D) began, after melting, uncovering vast new areas which are to be occupied (E) would begin to uncover, through melting, vast new areas for occupation

Over the next few years, increasing demands on the Chattahoochee River, which flows into the Apalachicola River, could alter the saline content of Apalachicola Bay, which would rob the oysters there of their flavor, and to make them decrease in size, less distinctive, and less in demand. (A) which would rob the oysters there of their flavor, and to make them decrease in size, (B) and it would rob the oysters there of their flavor, make them smaller, (C) and rob the oysters there of their flavor, making them decrease in size, (D) robbing the oysters there of their flavor and making them smaller, (E) robbing the oysters there of their flavor, and making them decrease in size,

Outlining his strategy for nursing the troubled conglomerate back to health, the chief executive’s plans were announced on Wednesday for cutting the company’s huge debt by selling nearly $12 billion in assets over the next 18 months. (A) executive’s plans were announced on Wednesday for cutting the company’s huge debt by selling nearly $12 billion in assets over the next 18 months (B) executive’s plans, which are to cut the company’s huge debt by selling nearly $12 billion in assets over the next 18 months, were announced on Wednesday (C) executive’s plans for cutting the company’s huge debt by selling nearly $12 billion in assets over the next 18 months were announced on Wednesday (D) executive announced plans Wednesday to cut the company’s huge debt by selling nearly $12 billion in assets over the next 18 months (E) executive announced plans Wednesday that are to cut the company’s huge debt by selling nearly $12 billion in assets over the next 18 months

The intricate structure of the compound insect eye, having hundreds of miniature eyes called ommatidia, help explain why scientists have assumed that it evolved independently of the vertebrate eye. (A) having hundreds of miniature eyes called ommatidia, help explain why scientists have assumed that it (B) having hundreds of miniature eyes that are called ommatidia, helps explain why scientists have assumed that they (C) with its hundreds of miniature eyes that are called ommatidia, helps explain scientists’ assuming that they (D) with its hundreds of miniature eyes called ommatidia, help explain scientists’ assuming that it (E) with its hundreds of miniature eyes called ommatidia, helps explain why scientists have assumed that it

The tourism commission has conducted surveys of hotels in the most popular resorts, with the ultimate goal of reducing the guests who end up expressing overall dissatisfaction with the service in the hotels. (A) with the ultimate goal of reducing the guests who end up expressing overall dissatisfaction with the service in the hotels (B) with the goal to ultimately reduce the number of guests who end up expressing overall dissatisfaction with the hotels’ service (C) ultimately with the goal to reduce expressions of overall dissatisfaction by the guests with the hotel service (D) in an ultimate attempt to reduce the number of guests that ends up expressing overall dissatisfaction with the hotels’ service (E) with the ultimate goal of reducing the number of guests who express overall dissatisfaction with the hotels’ service

The tourism commission has conducted surveys of hotels in the most popular resorts, with the ultimate goal of reducing the guests who end up expressing overall dissatisfaction with the service in the hotels. (A) with the ultimate goal of reducing the guests who end up expressing overall dissatisfaction with the service in the hotels (B) with the goal to ultimately reduce the number of guests who end up expressing overall dissatisfaction with the hotels’ service (C) ultimately with the goal to reduce expressions of overall dissatisfaction by the guests with the hotel service (D) in an ultimate attempt to reduce the number of guests that ends up expressing overall dissatisfaction with the hotels’ service (E) with the ultimate goal of reducing the number of guests who express overall dissatisfaction with the hotels’ service

Unlike the nests of leaf cutters and most other ants, E situated underground or in pieces of wood, raider ants make a portable nest by entwining their long legs to form “curtains” of ants that hang from logs or boulders, providing protection for the queen and the colony larvae and pupae. (A) the nests of leaf cutters and most other ants, (B) the nests of leaf cutters and most other ants, which are (C) leaf cutters and most other ants, whose nests are (D) leaf cutters and most other ants in having nests (E) those of leaf cutters and most other ants with nests

There are several ways to build solid walls using just mud or clay, but the most extensively used method has been the forming of bricks out of mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, they are laid in the wall in mud mortar. (A) the forming of bricks out of mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, they are laid (B) forming the mud or clay into bricks, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, to lay them (C) having bricks formed from mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, they were laid (D) to form the mud or clay into bricks, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, to lay them (E) that bricks were formed from mud or clay, which, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, were laid

Over the next few years, increasing demands on the Chattahoochee River, which flows into the Apalachicola River, could alter the saline content of Apalachicola Bay, which would rob the oysters there of their flavor, and to make them decrease in size, less distinctive, and less in demand. (A) which would rob the oysters there of their flavor, and to make them decrease in size, (B) and it would rob the oysters there of their flavor, make them smaller, (C) and rob the oysters there of their flavor, making them decrease in size, (D) robbing the oysters there of their flavor and making them smaller, (E) robbing the oysters there of their flavor, and making them decrease in size,

According to a recent study of consumer spending on prescription medications, increases in the sales of the 50 drugs that were advertised most heavily accounts for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, the remainder of which came from sales of the 9,850 prescription medicines that companies did not advertise or advertised very little. (A) heavily accounts for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, the remainder of which came (B) heavily were what accounted for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year; the remainder of the increase coming (C) heavily accounted for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, the remainder of the increase coming (D) heavily, accounting for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, while the remainder of the increase came (E) heavily, which accounted for almost half of the $20.8 billion increase in drug spending last year, with the remainder of it coming

By 1940, the pilot Jacqueline Cochran held seventeen official national and international speed records, and she earned them at a time when aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be of dangerously experimental design. (A) and she earned them at a time when aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be (B) earning them at a time that aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be (C) earning these at a time where aviation was still so new that many of the planes she flew were (D) earned at a time in which aviation was still so new such that many of the planes she flew were (E) earned at a time when aviation was still so new that many of the planes she flew were

Laos has a land area about the same as Great Britain but only four million in population, where many are members of hill tribes ensconced in the virtually inaccessible mountain valleys of the north. (A) about the same as Great Britain but only four million in population, where many (B) of about the same size as Great Britain is, but in Laos there is a population of only four million, and many (C) that is about the same size as Great Britain’s land area, but in Laos with a population of only four million people, many of them (D) comparable to the size of Great Britain, but only four million in population, and many (E) comparable to that of Great Britain but a population of only four million people, many of whom

In some types of pine tree, a thick layer of needles protects the buds from which new growth proceeds; consequently they are able to withstand forest res relatively well. (A) a thick layer of needles protects the buds from which new growth proceeds; consequently they are able to withstand forest res relatively well (B) a thick needle layer protects buds from where new growth proceeds, so that they can withstand forest res relatively well (C) a thick layer of needles protect the buds from which new growth proceeds; thus, they are able to withstand relatively well any forest res (D) since the buds from which new growth proceeds are protected by a thick needle layer, consequently they can therefore withstand forest res relatively well (E) because the buds where new growth happens are protected by a thick layer of needles, they are able to withstand forest res relatively easily as a result

Ans: B

This sentence describes a discovery that occurred in 1884 and provides some additional information about the object that was discovered. The most effectively worded answer choice opens with a past‐participial phrase (discovered . . .) describing the subject of the sentence, the asteroid Ida. Ida’s discovery is logically prior to its naming, described in a second past, following the subject (named . . .). the sentence is then completed with a present tense linking verb is + prepositional phrase to explain Ida’s location.

A) Opening with a past perfect passive verb, Having been named, this version of the sentence illogically suggests that being named for a mythological nymph preceded the discovery of Ida.

C) this version of the sentence is ungrammatical; it has no main verb for the subject the asteroid Ida.

D) The sequence of events is obscured by the placement of named before discovered in the compound participial phrases.

Ans: C

As worded, this sentence opens with a dependent clause (a clause that cannot stand on its own), which requires a main clause (also known as an independent clause) to complete the sentence

A) the dependent clause, While . . . Broadway musicals, is followed by a participial phrase rather than a main clause and is therefore ungrammatical.

Ans: B

While # But

While SV, SV can NOT go with AND

Ans: D

Ans: E

This sentence describes the result of infecting volunteers with cowpox. A conditional verb form is used to describe the cowpox infection: "if experimental subjects were deliberately infected". The sentence then incorrectly uses simple present tense for the effects of that infection: they are immune. However, since the effects are dependent on an action that may or may not occur, the correct way to express those effects is by using another conditional verb form: they would become immune.

The preposition from is incorrect with "immune"; it should be "to".

Turtles, like other reptiles, can endure long fasts, in their ability to survive on weekly or even monthly feedings; however, when food is readily available, they may eat frequently and grow very fat. (A) fasts, in their ability to survive (B) fasts, having their ability to survive (C) fasts, due to having the ability of surviving (D) fasts because they are able to survive (E) fasts because of having the ability of surviving

Elizabeth Barber, the author of both Prehistoric Textiles, a comprehensive work on cloth in the early cultures of the Mediterranean, and also of Women’s Work, a more general account of early cloth manufacture, is an expert authority on textiles in ancient societies. (A) also of Women’s Work, a more general account of early cloth manufacture, is an expert authority on (B) also Women’s Work, a more general account of cloth manufacture, is an expert authority about (C) of Women’s Work, a more general account about early cloth manufacture, is an authority on (D) of Women’s Work, a more general account about early cloth manufacture, is an expert authority about (E) Women’s Work, a more general account of early cloth manufacture, is an authority on

Bengal‐born writer, philosopher, and educator Rabindranath Tagore had the greatest admiration for Mohandas K. Gandhi the person and also as a politician, but Tagore had been skeptical of Gandhi’s form of nationalism and his conservative opinions about India’s cultural traditions. (A) for Mohandas K. Gandhi the person and also as a politician, but Tagore had been (B) for Mohandas K. Gandhi as a person and as a politician, but Tagore was also (C) for Mohandas K. Gandhi not only as a person and as a politician, but Tagore was also (D) of Mohandas K. Gandhi as a person and as also a politician, but Tagore was (E) of Mohandas K. Gandhi not only as a person and as a politician, but Tagore had also been

In 1850, Lucretia Mott published her Discourse on Women, arguing in a treatise for women to have equal political and legal rights and for changes in the married women’s property laws. (A) arguing in a treatise for women to have equal political and legal rights (B) arguing in a treatise for equal political and legal rights for women (C) a treatise that advocates women’s equal political and legal rights (D) a treatise advocating women’s equal political and legal rights (E) a treatise that argued for equal political and legal rights for women

Cost cutting and restructuring has allowed the manufacturing company to lower its projected losses for the second quarter, and they are forecasting a pro t before the end of the year. (A) has allowed the manufacturing company to lower its projected losses for the second quarter, and they are forecasting (B) has allowed for the manufacturing company to lower its projected losses in the second quarter and to forecast (C) have allowed that the manufacturing company can lower the projected losses for the second quarter, and to forecast (D) have allowed the manufacturing company to lower its projected second-quarter losses and to forecast (E) have allowed for the manufacturing company to lower the projected losses in the second quarter, as well as forecasting

In 1850, Lucretia Mott published her Discourse on Women, arguing in a treatise for women to have equal political and legal rights and for changes in the married women’s property laws. (A) arguing in a treatise for women to have equal political and legal rights (B) arguing in a treatise for equal political and legal rights for women (C) a treatise that advocates women’s equal political and legal rights (D) a treatise advocating women’s equal political and legal rights (E) a treatise that argued for equal political and legal rights for women

Foraging at all times of the day and night, but interspersing their feeding with periods of rest that last between one and eight hours, a sperm whale could eat so much as a ton of squid a day. (A) between one and eight hours, a sperm whale could eat so (B) between one and eight hours, sperm whales can eat as (C) between one to eight hours, sperm whales could eat as (D) from one to eight hours, sperm whales could eat so (E) from one to eight hours, a sperm whale can eat so

Elizabeth Barber, the author of both Prehistoric Textiles, a comprehensive work on cloth in the early cultures of the Mediterranean, and also of Women’s Work, a more general account of early cloth manufacture, is an expert authority on textiles in ancient societies. (A) also of Women’s Work, a more general account of early cloth manufacture, is an expert authority on (B) also Women’s Work, a more general account of cloth manufacture, is an expert authority about (C) of Women’s Work, a more general account about early cloth manufacture, is an authority on (D) of Women’s Work, a more general account about early cloth manufacture, is an expert authority about (E) Women’s Work, a more general account of early cloth manufacture, is an authority on

Written early in the French Revolution, Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Man (1790) and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) attributed Europe’s social and political ills to be the result of the dominance of aristocratic values and patriarchal hereditary privilege. (A) Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Man (1790) and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) attributed Europe’s social and political ills to be the result of (B) Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Man (1790) and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) attributed Europe’s social and political ills to result from (C) Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Man (1790) and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792) attributed Europe’s social and political ills to (D) in A Vindication of the Rights of Man (1790) and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), Mary Wollstonecraft attributed Europe’s social and political ills to have been the result of (E) Mary Wollstonecraft, in A Vindication of the Rights of Man (1790) and A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), attributed Europe’s social and political ills to

Turtles, like other reptiles, can endure long fasts, in their ability to survive on weekly or even monthly feedings; however, when food is readily available, they may eat frequently and grow very fat. (A) fasts, in their ability to survive (B) fasts, having their ability to survive (C) fasts, due to having the ability of surviving (D) fasts because they are able to survive (E) fasts because of having the ability of surviving

Still not understand

Some anthropologists believe that the genetic homogeneity evident in the world’s people is the result of a “population bottleneck”—at some time in the past our ancestors suffered an event, greatly reducing their numbers and thus our genetic variation. (A) at some time in the past our ancestors suffered an event, greatly reducing their numbers (B) that at some time in the past our ancestors suffered an event that greatly reduced their numbers (C) that some time in the past our ancestors suffered an event so that their numbers were greatly reduced, (D) some time in the past our ancestors suffered an event from which their numbers were greatly reduced (E) some time in the past, that our ancestors suffered an event so as to reduce their numbers greatly,

From an experiment using special extrasensory perception cards, each bearing one of a set of symbols, parapsychologist Joseph Banks Rhine claimed statistical proof for subjects who could use thought transference to identify a card in the dealer’s hand. (A) for subjects who could use thought transference to identify a card in the dealer’s hand (B) for a card in the dealer’s hand to be identi ed by subjects with thought transference (C) of subjects able to identify with thought transference a card in the dealer’s hand (D) that subjects could identify a card in the dealer’s hand by using thought transference (E) that subjects are capable to use thought transference for identifying a card in the dealer’s hand

From an experiment using special extrasensory perception cards, each bearing one of a set of symbols, parapsychologist Joseph Banks Rhine claimed statistical proof for subjects who could use thought transference to identify a card in the dealer’s hand. (A) for subjects who could use thought transference to identify a card in the dealer’s hand (B) for a card in the dealer’s hand to be identi ed by subjects with thought transference (C) of subjects able to identify with thought transference a card in the dealer’s hand (D) that subjects could identify a card in the dealer’s hand by using thought transference (E) that subjects are capable to use thought transference for identifying a card in the dealer’s hand

To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic determinants of fertility. (A) have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic (B) have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical (C) would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical (D) would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economic (E) would have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic

Along the major rivers that traverse the deserts of northeast Africa, the Middle East, and northwest India, the combination of a reliable supply of water and good growing conditions both encouraged farming traditions that, in places, endure in at least 6,000 years. (A) good growing conditions both encouraged farming traditions that, in places, endure in (B) good growing conditions encouraged farming traditions that have, in places, endured for (C) of good growing conditions have encouraged farming traditions that, in places, endured for (D) of good growing conditions both encouraged farming traditions that have, in places, endured (E) of good growing conditions encouraged farming traditions that have, in places, been enduring for

The remarkable similarity of Thule artifacts throughout a vast region can, in part, be explained as a very rapid movement of people from one end of North America to the other. (A) The remarkable similarity of Thule artifacts throughout a vast region can, in part, be explained as (B) Thule artifacts being remarkably similar throughout a vast region, one explanation is (C) That Thule artifacts are remarkably similar throughout a vast region is, in part, explainable as (D) One explanation for the remarkable similarity of Thule artifacts throughout a vast region is that there was (E) Throughout a vast region Thule artifacts are remarkably similar, with one explanation for this being

Retail sales rose 0.8 of 1 percent in August, intensifying expectations that personal spending in the July–September quarter more than doubled that of the 1.4 percent growth rate in personal spending for the previous quarter. (A) that personal spending in the July–September quarter more than doubled that of (B) that personal spending in the July–September quarter would more than double (C) of personal spending in the July–September quarter, that it more than doubled (D) of personal spending in the July–September quarter more than doubling that of (E) of personal spending in the July–September quarter, that it would more than double that of

In ancient Thailand, much of the local artisans’ creative energy was expended for the creation of Buddha images and when they constructed and decorated the temples that enshrined them. (A) much of the local artisans’ creative energy was expended for the creation of Buddha images and when they constructed and decorated the temples that enshrined them (B) much of the local artisans’ creative energy was expended on the creation of Buddha images and on construction and decoration of the temples in which they were enshrined (C) much of the local artisans’ creative energy was expended on the creation of Buddha images as well as constructing and decoration of the temples in which they were enshrined (D) creating images of Buddha accounted for much of the local artisans’ creative energy, and also constructing and decorating the temples enshrining them (E) the creation of Buddha images accounted for much of the local artisans’ creative energy as well as construction and decoration of the temples that enshrined them

In a review of 2,000 studies of human behavior that date back to the 1940s, two Swiss psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social class and family size, none could be taken seriously. (A) psychologists, declaring that since most of the studies had failed to control for such variables as social class and family size, (B) psychologists, declaring that most of the studies failed in not controlling for such variables like social class and family size, and (C) psychologists declared that since most of the studies, having failed to control for such variables as social class and family size, (D) psychologists declared that since most of the studies fail in controlling for such variables like social class and family size, (E) psychologists declared that since most of the studies had failed to control for variables such as social class and family size,

A long‐term study of some 1,000 physicians indicates that the more coffee these doctors drank, the more they had a likelihood of coronary disease. (A) more they had a likelihood of coronary disease (B) more was their likelihood of having coronary disease (C) more they would have a likelihood to have coronary disease (D) greater was their likelihood of having coronary disease (E) greater was coronary disease likely

Still not clear

Ans: E

This sentence is intended to be about people who, because they do not trust themselves to make wise investment decisions, turn to stockbrokers for advice. As the sentence is worded, however, it is stockbrokers who do not trust themselves to choose wisely.

The Life and Casualty Company hopes that by increasing its environmental fund reserves to $1.2 billion, that it has set aside enough to pay for environmental claims and no longer has to use its pro ts and capital to pay those claims bit by bit, year by year. (A) that it has set aside enough to pay for environmental claims and no longer has (B) enough has been set aside with which environmental claims can be paid and it will have no longer (C) it has set aside enough for payment of environmental claims and thus no longer having (D) enough has been set aside to pay for environmental claims, thus no longer having (E) it has set aside enough to pay for environmental claims and will no longer have

The widely accepted big bang theory holds that the universe began in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and has been expanding ever since. (A) that the universe began in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and has been expanding (B) that the universe had begun in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and had been expanding (C) that the beginning of the universe was an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago that has expanded (D) the beginning of the universe to have been an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago that is expanding (E) the universe to have begun in an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago and has been expanding

Despite its covering the entire planet, Earth has a crust that is not seamless or stationary, rather it is fragmented into mobile semirigid plates. (A) Despite its covering the entire planet, Earth has a crust that is not seamless or stationary, rather it is (B) Despite the fact that it covers the entire planet, Earth’s crust is neither seamless nor is it stationary, but is (C) Despite covering the entire planet, Earth’s crust is neither seamless nor is it stationary, but rather (D) Although it covers the entire planet, Earth’s crust is neither seamless nor stationary, but rather (E) Although covering the entire planet, Earth has a crust that is not seamless or stationary, but

Non-Opec nations VS Output of Non-Opec nations

The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) had long been expected to announce a reduction in output to bolster sagging oil prices, but of cials of the organization just recently announced that the group will pare daily production by 1.5 million barrels by the beginning of next year, but only if non‐ OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, were to trim output by a total of 500,000 barrels a day. (A) year, but only if non‐OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, were to trim output (B) year, but only if the output of non‐OPEC nations, which includes Norway, Mexico, and Russia, is trimmed (C) year only if the output of non‐OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, would be trimmed (D) year only if non‐OPEC nations, which includes Norway, Mexico, and Russia, were trimming output (E) year only if non‐OPEC nations, including Norway, Mexico, and Russia, trim output

The English physician Edward Jenner found that if experimental subjects were deliberately infected with cowpox, which caused only a mild illness, they are immune from smallpox. (A) which caused only a mild illness, they are immune from (B) causing only a mild illness, they become immune from (C) which causes only a mild illness, they are immune to (D) causing only a mild illness, they became immune from (E) which caused only a mild illness, they would become immune to

A professor at the university has taken a sabbatical to research on James Baldwin’s books that Baldwin wrote in France while he was living there. (A) on James Baldwin’s books that Baldwin wrote in France while he was living there (B) about the books James Baldwin wrote in France (C) into James Baldwin’s books written while in France (D) on the books of James Baldwin, written while he lived in France (E) the books James Baldwin wrote while he lived in France

Still not understand OG Said (In this sentence, the clause containing expected lacks a clear subject. e intended subject is motion picture industry representatives, but to clearly indicate that, the subject should either be repeated or be replaced with the pronoun they.) Choose B (at first) REMEMBER to add in - Parallel - And

At the end of 2001, motion picture industry representatives said that there were about a million copies of Hollywood movies available online and expected piracy to increase with high‐speed Internet connections that become more widely available. (A) online and expected piracy to increase with high‐ speed Internet connections that become more widely available (B) online and expect the increase of piracy with the wider availability of high‐speed Internet connections (C) online, and they expect more piracy to increase with the wider availability of high‐speed Internet connections (D) online, and that they expected the increase of piracy as high‐speed Internet connections would become more widely available (E) online, and that they expected piracy to increase as high‐speed Internet connections became more widely available

With corn, soybean, and wheat reserves being low enough so a poor harvest would send prices skyrocketing, grain futures brokers and their clients are especially interested in weather that could affect crops. (A) being low enough so (B) so low such that (C) so low that (D) that are low enough so (E) that are so low such that

By 1940, the pilot Jacqueline Cochran held seventeen official national and international speed records, and she earned them at a time when aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be of dangerously experimental design. (A) and she earned them at a time when aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be (B) earning them at a time that aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be (C) earning these at a time where aviation was still so new that many of the planes she flew were (D) earned at a time in which aviation was still so new such that many of the planes she flew were (E) earned at a time when aviation was still so new that many of the planes she flew were

It is called a sea, but the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, which covers more than four times the surface area of its closest rival in size, North America’s Lake Superior. (A) It is called a sea, but the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, which covers (B) Although it is called a sea, actually the landlocked Caspian is the largest lake on Earth, which covers (C) Though called a sea, the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, covering (D) Though called a sea but it actually is the largest lake on Earth, the landlocked Caspian covers (E) Despite being called a sea, the largest lake on Earth is actually the landlocked Caspian, covering

Especially in the early years, new entrepreneurs may need to nd resourceful ways, like renting temporary of ce space or using answering services, that make their company seem large and more rmly established than they may actually be. (A) that make their company seem large (B) to make their companies seem larger (C) thus making their companies seem larger (D) so that the companies seem larger (E) of making their company seem large

Ans: D

E) Allowed for is not the correct idiom; to lower and as well as forecasting are not parallel.

Ans: E

this sentence uses the word that after hope to start the subordinate clause, but then incorrectly repeats the that after the initial adverbial phrase (by increasing . . . billion). Only the first that is grammatically correct.

The phrase "no longer having" is ungrammatical when connected to the rest of the sentence by and, which should connect two regular clauses; no longer having . . . is a mere phrase, not a clause, and no longer has would be correct.

Ans: B

And - Parallelism : it is a mistake to use large instead of larger. If, on the other hand, large is not intended to be part of the comparison, it would be better to clarify this by separating the two topics in a construction such as "make their company seem large and also make it seem more firmly established".

Ans: B

Since these roles are enumerated in a list, and since the rst member of the list is already provided, it is necessary to maintain the same structure for the rest of the members of the list in order to maintain parallelism and clarity. Note that semicolons separate the members of the list, leaving the commas to mark series of items within each member of the list.

Ans: C

The main subject of the sentence is discussion . . ., which is singular, so the main verb should be singular.

The two things that are said to be the focus of discussion should be in parallel form.

Ans: B

As written, this sentence does not clearly indicate whether and is intended to conjoin two things that the foundation does (works & cooperates) or two things that the foundation works to accomplish (to strengthen & to cooperate or simply cooperate). The latter is less plausible because of the redundancy of works to cooperate.

E) In cooperation destroys the parallelism required by works to: there should be a verb following works to, not this prepositional phrase.

Ans: B

To maintain parallelism, it is important for two conjoined phrases to be of the same grammatical type. us, it is appropriate to conjoin Gandhi the person and the politician, or Gandhi as a person and as a politician, but it is nonstandard in English to mix and match.

Ans: D

The clearest, most efficient way to accomplish these two pieces of business is to use a parallel structure. "The ways to build" in the first clause is narrowed to the single way to form and to lay in the second clause.

Ans: D

the potential effects on the oysters are expressed by two parallel participial phrases, the second of which lists three adjectives correctly in a series.

Ans: E

The main point of the sentence is that Dickinson’s letters to her sister‐in‐law outnumber her letters to anyone else. To emphasize this point, outnumber should be the main verb, and the description introduced by the passive verb were written needs to be changed from a main clause to an adjectival phrase.

C) The verbs describing the letter‐writing period need to be in parallel form and agree in tense—e.g., beginning and ending or that began and that ended;

Ans: C

The various parts of an enumeration have to be alike: the literatures of Europe, China, and Japan.

A) the correct structure of enumeration is disrupted by the addition of "that " of in front of Japan.

Ans: C

The timing and logical relationships among the events described in this sentence are of utmost importance. The scientists monitored a cloud ejected from the Sun. The cloud triggered a large storm, whose consequences were the brightening of the Northern Lights and the possible knocking out of a satellite. The latter two events are in a conjunction, so they should be represented by similar verb forms.

A) In this context, the shift in verb form from which brightened to and also possibly knocking is ungrammatical. The two verbs should be in the same verb form for parallel construction.

And & Also

B) X was what triggered Y is wordy and awkward

Ans: B

E) This sentence awkwardly attempts to use a compound conjunction and to join the past participial phrase discovered in 1884 with the relative clause which was named. . . .

Ans: B

The main point of the sentence is that artisans in ancient Thailand spent most of their creative energy on three tasks: creating Buddha images, and constructing and decorating temples to enshrine the Buddhas. These three tasks must be described in parallel forms.

The verb expended should be followed by the preposition on, not for.

C) Constructing violates the parallelism otherwise maintained by creation and decoration.

Ans: A

This sentence about the essential role oceans play in maintaining conditions for human existence on land begins with a participial phrase describing the vastness of the oceans, followed by the main clause (oceans play an essential role . . .). the object, role, is modified by a prepositional phrase that indicates what kind of role the oceans play (it plays a role in maintaining the conditions for human existence on land). This statement about the ocean’s role in maintaining terrestrial conditions is elucidated by two parallel participial phrases that describe the oceans, explaining how they maintain conditions essential for human existence on land (moderating . . . and giving . . .).

C) "by moderating" . . . anticipates a new subject—an agent that does something by moderating—but this subject never appears.

Ans: E

This sentence reports on a prediction that compares the likelihood of drivers exceeding a proposed new speed limit with the likelihood of drivers exceeding the current speed limit. The idiom as x as y, rather than the incorrect form equally . . . as, should be used to express the comparison.

Ans: B

C) To is the wrong word to use with between. The proper construction would be between . . . and or from...to.

Ans: C

As worded, this sentence opens with a dependent clause (a clause that cannot stand on its own), which requires a main clause (also known as an independent clause) to complete the sentence

given the placement of as before both, the as before a lyricist is incorrect. It would be acceptable to write as both a vaudeville performer and a lyricist or to write both as a vaudeville performer and as a lyricist; it is not acceptable to mix the two forms, as is done here.

Ans: C

Ans: E

It is sufficient to connect the two book titles like this: both X and Y.

A) the meanings of the two nouns expert and authority largely overlap, so there is no need to modify one with the other.

the noun authority takes the preposition on, not about.

The noun account takes the preposition of, not about.

Ans: C

B) Both ... as well as ... is incorrect usage.

E) Both X in addition to Y is incorrect usage.

Ans: D

The examples of art are in parallel form, each introduced with the words such as.

Ans: D

The point of the sentence is to contrast two instruments, but the sentence has been written to contrast the virginal with the sets of strings on the harpsichord. e proper contrast is between the virginal and the harpsichord.

Ans: C

A & B) this sentence compares nests with raider ants.

B) the referent of the relative pronoun "which" is ambiguous, possibly modifying ants, and possibly modifying nests.

D) Ving Modifier: the prepositional phrase in having nests suggests that it is raider ants, not leaf cutters and most other ants, that have nests situated underground or in pieces of wood; however, the rest of the sentence indicates that in fact raider ants’ nests are not situated in such locations.

E) The referent of "those" is unclear; presumably it refers to nests, but grammatically it has no clear antecedent. If it is taken to refer to nests, those creates an illogical comparison with raider ants.

Ans: E

B) Did is not parallel to have later in the sentence. e phrase as have those of other cultures would be parallel, but it is in the wrong position. To be correct, it would need to occur after the main verb is introduced: ai village crafts have developed, as have those of other cultures, . . .

C) The use of the pronoun they is inaccurate; the reader is likely to take its antecedent to be ai village crafts, not crafts.

D) The comparative term like compares two nouns or noun phrases, but in this version of the sentence, like compares a noun (crafts) with a prepositional phrase (in other cultures).

Ans: D

The sentence compares a widely held conviction about genes with McClintock’s adherence to her own ideas, then goes on to describe McClintock’s accomplishments. The sentence must not compare widespread convictions with McClintock herself. The clearest and most efficient way to make the comparison is to introduce McClintock’s colleagues’ convictions in a dependent clause, followed by a main clause that introduces McClintock’s different way of doing things and goes on to explain how successful she was.

B) "Were of the conviction of genes being relatively simple" is wordy and awkward.

C) Contrary to many of her colleagues being convinced is wordy and awkward.

E) Even with many of her colleagues ... is wordy and indirect.

Ans: D

Note: E) Although in terms of is an acceptable substitute for as, the construction is no longer parallel due to the lack of a second in terms of (or as) after but.

Ans: D

The structure of this sentence expresses negation and affirmation: Many experts regarded X not as a sign that Y, but as a sign of Z. The idiomatic choice of words for this construction should involve two clauses introduced by not as ... but as....

this also important to connect logically the adjective con dent with the noun it describes, that is, households.

Ans: C

or clarity and proper parallelism, the contrast should be constructed using the expression not as X but as Y, where X and Y are both noun phrases.

Ans: B

Ans: C

There is a cause‐and‐effect connection between the watt‐hour rating and the battery life; therefore, the phrases describing the cause and effect have to be expressed in two parallel grammatical constructions using the two comparative forms of the modifiers higher and longer.

Ans: E

B:the expression such X like Y is incorrect in English; the correct usage is such X as Y

Ans: C

When two situations are asserted to be similar, the proper way to express this is with the paired expressions just as . . . so . . . Moreover, the two compared situations should be expressed as clauses, not as noun phrases.

D) Just as is used to connect two clauses, which is good, but the first clause employs the active construction rather than the preferred passive, so there is a failure of parallelism.

D) it is unclear what they refers to. The sentence appears to say illogically that some unidentified group’s action of recycling was similar to the ancient Greek materials’ being reused.

Ans: E

the sentence attempts to describe these advantages in terms of the absence of any of a series of annoyances accompanying rail travel. But the sentence fails because of the mismatch between with none of . . . and or with. . . . One way to successfully convey the intended meaning is to use the preposition without governing all the items in the series, expressed as nouns or noun phrases.

C) The structure without . . . nor . . . in the way used here is nonidiomatic.

Recent interdisciplinary studies advance the argument that emotions, including those deemed personal or private is a social phenomenon, though one inseparable from bodily response. (A) private is a social phenomenon, though one inseparable (B) private, are social phenomena that are inseparable (C) private are a social phenomenon but are not those separable (D) private—are social phenomena but not separable (E) also as private emotions, are social phenomena not inseparable

Making things even more dif cult has been general market inactivity lately, if not paralysis, which has provided little in the way of pricing guidance. (A) has been general market inactivity lately, if not paralysis, which has provided (B) there is general market inactivity, if not paralysis, lately it has provided (C) general market inactivity, if not paralysis, has lately provided (D) lately, general market inactivity, if not paralysis, has provided (E) is that lately general market inactivity, if not paralysis, which provides

In 1913, the largely self-taught Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan mailed 120 of his theorems to three different British mathematicians; only one, G. H. Hardy, recognized the brilliance of these theorems, but thanks to Hardy’s recognition, Ramanujan was eventually elected to the Royal Society of London. (A) only one, G. H. Hardy, recognized the brilliance of these theorems, but (B) they were brilliant, G. H. Hardy alone recognized, but (C) these theorems were brilliant, but only one, G. H. Hardy recognized; (D) but, only one, G. H. Hardy, recognizing their brilliance, (E) only one G. H. Hardy recognized, but these theorems were brilliant

Tropical bats play important roles in the rain forest ecosystem, aiding in the dispersal of cashew, date, and g seeds; pollinating banana, breadfruit, and mango trees; and indirectly help produce tequila by pollinating agave plants. (A) pollinating banana, breadfruit, and mango trees; and indirectly help produce (B) pollinating banana, breadfruit, and mango trees; and indirectly helping to produce (C) pollinating banana, breadfruit, and mango trees; and they indirectly help to produce (D) they pollinate banana, breadfruit, and mango trees; and indirectly help producing (E) they pollinate banana, breadfruit, and mango trees; indirectly helping the producing of

Ans: B

there is no need to have both at first and begin.

Ans: B

A concise version of the sentence would also avoid that direction is the way the prevailing winds in the tropics blow. e meaning of way here is already conveyed by direction.

Ans: B

D) The adverb "also" is redundant because it expresses the same meaning as the conjunction and.

Ans: C

The timing and logical relationships among the events described in this sentence are of utmost importance. The scientists monitored a cloud ejected from the Sun. The cloud triggered a large storm, whose consequences were the brightening of the Northern Lights and the possible knocking out of a satellite. The latter two events are in a conjunction, so they should be represented by similar verb forms.

A) In this context, the shift in verb form from which brightened to and also possibly knocking is ungrammatical. The two verbs should be in the same verb form for parallel construction.

And & Also

B) X was what triggered Y is wordy and awkward

Ans: B

D) And & Also

In ancient Thailand, much of the local artisans’ creative energy was expended for the creation of Buddha images and when they constructed and decorated the temples that enshrined them. (A) much of the local artisans’ creative energy was expended for the creation of Buddha images and when they constructed and decorated the temples that enshrined them (B) much of the local artisans’ creative energy was expended on the creation of Buddha images and on construction and decoration of the temples in which they were enshrined (C) much of the local artisans’ creative energy was expended on the creation of Buddha images as well as constructing and decoration of the temples in which they were enshrined (D) creating images of Buddha accounted for much of the local artisans’ creative energy, and also constructing and decorating the temples enshrining them (E) the creation of Buddha images accounted for much of the local artisans’ creative energy as well as construction and decoration of the temples that enshrined them

Ans: E

A) The addition of "but" before "only" is redundant.

Ans: E

A) the meanings of the two nouns expert and authority largely overlap, so there is no need to modify one with the other.

Ans: B

The word "both" repeats the meaning of combination and is thus redundant.

Ans: D

In this sentence, Earth is the closest word to the participial clause, and so the latter means that Earth is covering the entire planet (itself ), which is a contradiction.

Neither ... nor ... but rather would make the intended relationship among seamless, stationary, and fragmented clearer and more precise than not ... or ... rather.

B) Parallel structure is disrupted by the addition of is it after nor and by the addition of is after but.

Ans: D

B) "Were of the conviction of genes being relatively simple" is wordy and awkward.

C) Contrary to many of her colleagues being convinced is wordy and awkward.

E) Even with many of her colleagues ... is wordy and indirect.

Ans: C

The timing and logical relationships among the events described in this sentence are of utmost importance. The scientists monitored a cloud ejected from the Sun. The cloud triggered a large storm, whose consequences were the brightening of the Northern Lights and the possible knocking out of a satellite. The latter two events are in a conjunction, so they should be represented by similar verb forms.

A) In this context, the shift in verb form from which brightened to and also possibly knocking is ungrammatical. The two verbs should be in the same verb form for parallel construction.

And & Also

B) X was what triggered Y is wordy and awkward

Ans: E

B) "There is" ... construction is wordy and imprecise.

Ans: A

D) This version is unnecessarily redundant in expressing causation, using all of "since", "consequently", and "therefore".

E) This version is unnecessarily redundant in expressing causation, using both "because" and "as a result".

Ans: A

E) This version is unnecessarily redundant in expressing causation, using both "because" and "as a result".