MindMap Gallery Pharmacology Block 3
This is a mind map talking about pharmacology block 3. You can create a mind map like this effortlessly.
Edited at 2020-09-25 12:39:02Halloween has many faces. The theme you envision should influence how you decorate the party space. Jack-o'-lanterns and friendly ghosts are more lighthearted Halloween characters. Zombies, witches, and vampires are much darker. If you want to celebrate all the fun sides of Halloween, then it’s okay to mesh the cute with the frightening. Here is a mind map which lists down the 39 Cutest Couples Halloween Costumes of 2021.
Halloween simply wouldn't be Halloween without the movies that go along with it. There's nothing like a movie night filled with all the greatest chainsaw-wielding, spell-binding, hair-raising flicks to get you in the spooky season spirit. So, break out the stash of extra candy, turn off all the lights, lock every last door, and settle in for the best of the best Halloween movies. Here are the 35 Halloween movies listed on the mind map based on the year of release.
This mind map contains lots of interesting Halloween trivia, great tips for costumes and parties (including food, music, and drinks) and much more. It talks about the perfect Halloween night. Each step has been broken down into smaller steps to understand and plan better. Anybody can understand this Halloween mind map just by looking at it. It gives us full story of what is planned and how it is executed.
Halloween has many faces. The theme you envision should influence how you decorate the party space. Jack-o'-lanterns and friendly ghosts are more lighthearted Halloween characters. Zombies, witches, and vampires are much darker. If you want to celebrate all the fun sides of Halloween, then it’s okay to mesh the cute with the frightening. Here is a mind map which lists down the 39 Cutest Couples Halloween Costumes of 2021.
Halloween simply wouldn't be Halloween without the movies that go along with it. There's nothing like a movie night filled with all the greatest chainsaw-wielding, spell-binding, hair-raising flicks to get you in the spooky season spirit. So, break out the stash of extra candy, turn off all the lights, lock every last door, and settle in for the best of the best Halloween movies. Here are the 35 Halloween movies listed on the mind map based on the year of release.
This mind map contains lots of interesting Halloween trivia, great tips for costumes and parties (including food, music, and drinks) and much more. It talks about the perfect Halloween night. Each step has been broken down into smaller steps to understand and plan better. Anybody can understand this Halloween mind map just by looking at it. It gives us full story of what is planned and how it is executed.
Pharmacology Block 3
Depression
MAOI's
Atypical Antidepressants
SSRI's
TricyclicAntidepressants
Potentiates actions of NE & S By inhibiting reuptake transporter
Alzheimer's Disease
Ach inhibitors
Tacrin
Hepatotoxic
Donepezil
Rivastigmine
N-methyl-D-aspartameReceptor antagonist
Memantine
Overexposure to NMDA
Depression
SSRI
Citalopram
Escitalopram
Paroxetine
Sertraline
Fluoxetine
Psychosis and Agitation
Antipsychotics
Olanzapine
Quetiapine
Risperidone
Parkinson's Disease
Increase Dopamine
Levodopa
MOA: decarboxylated to Dopamine in D neurons In the striatum
Early in Tx: N, V, OhTN, tachy, arrh.Late in Tx: diskinesias, halluc., wild dreams and delusions
Don't take pyridoxine (B6)Increases peripheral break-down of levodopa
Most effective PD agent
Dopamine receptorAgonists
Bromocriptine
May save D neurons fromOxidative stress,ERGOT LIKE Fibrosis(vasoconstrictor)
MOA: agonist at D2 receptorsPartial antagonist at D1 receptors
Dyskinesias, OhTN, <3 prob. in pt w/ MI
Pergolide
ERGOT LIKE Fibrosis(vasoconstrictor)
MOA: agonist at both D1 & D2MORE POTENT THANBROMOCRIPTINE
Pramipexole
First line, best in pt thatHAVE NOT received levodopa,
MOA: NON ERGOTdopamine agonist atD2 & D3 receptors
Daytime sedation, causeReward seeking compulsiveBehavior: drinking, shopping, And gambling.
CIMETIDINE inhibitsRenal secretion of PRAMIPEXOLE
Ropinrole
Dopamine release/Uptake
Amantadine
MOA: alters D release (if at max, no effect) orUptake.
OhTN, dry mouth, hallucinations
MonoamineOxidase BInhibitor
Selegiline
MOA: enhances the effect of levodopa
High doses affect MAOI type A-->Severe HTN
Antimuscarinic Agents
MOA: blockage of cholinergicTransmission to augment D.
Same side Fx as highDose atropine.
COMT inhibitors
Tolcapone
Useful in on-off phenomenonLong acting.
MOA: inhibits COMTcatechol-o-methyl transf.-->dec'd 3-O-methydopa,--> ind'd Uptake of levodopa
Hepatotoxic, Cause blood dyscrasias
Entacapone
MOA: SEE TOLCAPONE
NOT HEPATOTOXIC,does cause blood, dyscrasias
Anxiety
Antihistamines
MOA: antagonistat H1 receptors(excitatory)
SEDATION!Do not drink!
Hydroxyzine HCL
Hydroxyzine pamoate
SSRI
SubtoMOA: --| reputake Of serotonin at transporter= more in synaptic cleftpic
[buspirone] + sexual dysfunctionAND insomnia, tremors; palpitations,Postural HTN (paroxetine only)Vasodilation; anorexia, NVD;Loss of libido... Wah wah.
DRUG INTERACTIONS!MAOI's (14 day wait)TCA's (inhibits metabolism)TRYPTOPHAN (add. serotonin Fx)WARFARIN (inc. risk of bleeding)
Paroxetine
Sertraline
SNRI
MOA: blocks S & NReuptake transporters
See SSRI,AND HypertensionWith withdrawal.
Venlafaxine
Also treatsDepression!
Desvenlafaxine
Duloxetine
Carbamates
Respiratory depressionDangerous withdrawalGeriatric problems
Meprobamate
Azapirones
MOA: 5HT1a receptors --> G proteins --> inc. opening ofK+ channels = hyperpolarization= decreased firing
Headache and dizziness BUT!NO impaired motor functionNO D.W.T.NO cross tolerance with BDZNO problems drinkingNO muscle relaxation/Anticonvulsant
Buspirone
Benzodiazepines
MOA: enhances the affinityfor GABA receptors to its NT, -> more frequent opening of Clchannels, --| neuronal firing.
Drowsiness and confusionAtaxia at high dosesBrain Drain-(Recall and learning)DON'T DRINK!D.W.T.
Short Acting(3-8 hours)
Oxazepam
Choice in Agedand Hepatic DzBECAUSE:Bypasses oxidationAnd n-dealkylation
Intermediate(10-20 hours)
Lorazepam
Alprazolam
Long Acting(1-3 days)
Diazepam
Clorazepate
Prodrug
Chlordiazepoxide
BDZ overdose,Anesthesiasedation reversal
BDZ Antagonist
MOA: binds andCompletely antagonizesbinding and allosteric Effects of BDZs
Flumazenil
Lipid soluble!
Panic Disorder
Symptoms:1. Palpitations, pounding heart, inc. HR2. Sweating. 3. Trembling or shaking4. Sensations of SOB or smothering5. Feeling dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded or faint6. Fear of dying
BDZ
Alprazolam
SSRI
Sertraline
Paroxetine
Sleep disorders
BDZ's
MOA: BZ1 receptor on GABA-Chloride channel receptorComplex --> hyperpolarization
DO NOT TAKE WITH:OSA (obstructive sleep apnea) dec. muscle tone in upper airway worsen Apnea episode DON'T DRINK!
Short Acting(3-8 hours)
Midazolam
Triazolam
Intermediate(10-20 hours)
Temazepam
Estazolam
Long Acting(1-3 days)
Quazepam
Flurazepam
Barbiturates
Weak acid, can induce P450 enzymes, can Also increase ALA, Therefore C/I in pt.s With porphyria
MOA: bind to separate Sight on the GABA Cl channelReceptor complex increasingThe duration that the channel is open
Tolerance, highAbuse potentialSMALL THERAPEUTIC INDEX
DRUG INTERACTIONS!Decreased serum WarfarinDecreased serum digoxinDecreased serum CCB's
Ultra-short Acting
Thiopental
Methohexital
Short Acting
Pentobarbital
Secobarbital
Amobarbital
Long Acting
Phenobarbital
Miscellaneous
Zolpidem
Increases sleepDuration
No effect on different Stages of sleepMinimal rebound insomnia, Little to no tolerance,Great to avoid jet lag.
MOA: binds to a Sub-site of BZ1
Can cause sleepwalkingPt.s binge eat, shop and driveWith no memoryDO NOT DRINK!(Increases sleepwalking)
Zaplelon
Increases sleepDuration
No effect on different Stages of sleepMinimal rebound insomnia, Little to no tolerance,
MOA: binds to a Sub-site of BZ1
Eszopiclone
Increases sleepDuration
No effect on different Stages of sleepMinimal rebound insomnia, Little to no tolerance,APPROVED FOR LONG TERM.
MOA: binds to a Sub-site of BZ1
Ramelteon
MOA: MT1, MT2 receptorAgonist (no affinity for BZ1Or BZ2)
DO NOT DRINK!
Choral Hydrate
Sedation for KidsUndergoing procedures
Psychomotor Stimulants
Methylxanthines
BENEFITS: increased alertness,loss of fatigue, sustained attention
MOA: --| phophodiesterases,raising cAMP;Antagonizing adenosine A1 and A2 receptors;= enhanced neurotransmission
Nausea/vomiting, >200mg = nervousness,restlessness and tremors
Caffeine
Theophylline
Can cause seizuresat high doses.
Amphetamines
Large amounts excretedin urine. (can "ion trap")
MOA: (oral) causes the releaseOf biogenic amines (NE,S&D)MAY interfere with re-uptake
CNS: restlessness, tenseness, irritabilityWeakness, insomnia, confusion, deliriumParanoid hallucinations, suicidal or homicidal tendencies.CV: headache, palpitation, cardiacarrhythmias, HTN, circulatory collapse.EXCESSIVE SWEATING
Dextroamphetamine
Methamphetamine
More central, lessperipheral effects
AmphetamineDerivatives
Methylphenidate
*SEE AMPHETAMINE
Narcolepsy
ADHD
Phentermine
ExogenousObesity
C/I in pt with historyOf CV. problems;HTN crisis with MAOI
Nicotine
SmokingCessation
BENEFITS: euphoria,Arousal, improved attention,Learning, problem solving and reaction time
MOA: stimulates nicotinicReceptors in the CNS
OBVIOUS
Cocaine
MOA: --| reuptakeOf dopamine
Ephedrine
Stay awake preps,Energy boosters andCome asthma preps.
MOA: [oral] α/β adrenergicagonist, also enhancesRelease of NE
NON-AMPHETAMINE
Modanifil
MOA: UNKNOWN(may weakly blockDopamine uptake)
psychoactive and euphoricFx seen in CNS stimulants
ADHD
Narcolepsy
OTHERS
Narcolepsy
SodiumOxybate
Take at bedtimeand 2.5-4 hoursAfter falling asleep
MOA: Reduces cataplexy(loss or muscle control/weakness)
Depression, BEDWETTING, Sleep walking and abuse potential.
Weightloss
Sibutramine
MOA: weak inhibitor of the re-uptakeOf NE and S, also thought to interactWith the receptors causing hunger.
HTN, cardiac Dz, stroke, narrow angle glaucoma,renal or hepatic Dz POSSIBLE CARDIACVALVE DISORDERS
DRUG INTERACTIONS:MAOI
ADHD
Atomoxetine
MOA: re-uptake Inhibitor of NE and S
Suicidal thoughtsand liver DZ
Guanfacine
MOA: agonist at post synapticα2 adrenergic receptors
Caution with Cardiac problems