Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a condition that occurs when the venous wall and/or valves in the leg veins are not working effectively, making it difficult for blood to return to the heart from the legs.

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Outline

Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Epidemiology

In the U.S.A. by the age of fifty 40% of females and 20% of males are effected by CVI

Chronic Venous Disease the mother to CVI is found to be around 64% worldwide

Pathophysiology

Sluggish circulation to the extremities that needed demands of oxygen and nutrients are not met

Inability for venous return to remove wastes adequately

Pressure and simple trauma causes cell death and due to chronic poor circulation cells without adequate oxygen are unable to repair damages

Treatment

Noninvasive therapy

Compression therapy

Elevating Legs

Physical Exercise

Lifestyle Changes

Elevate your legs above the level of your heart when sitting

If overweight lose weight.

Limit smoking and alcohol abuse

Prompt a healthy diet and physical activity

Avoid long periods of standing or sitting

Noninvasive testing

Venography

Reflux

Superficial ---->Venous Ablation or Stripping

Deep ---->Vein Reconstruction

Perforator ---->SEPS or Subfascial Endoscopic Perforator Surgery

Non-Acute Obstruction ---->Venous Stenting

Sclerotherapy ----> Injection into veins to create swelling and cause coagulation of blood thus narrowing of the blood vessel wall

Vasoactive Drugs ---->lvenor, Ardium, Arvenum 500, Capiven, Daflon 500 mg, Detralex, Elatec, Flebotropin, Variton, Venitol

Muscle Pump Dysfunction ----> Physical Exercise

Endovenous Thermal Ablation

Diagnosis

Complete medical history

Physical Exam (examine legs closesly)

A vascular or duplex ultrasound

Images of the vessel

Examine the blood circulation in legs

Clinical Presentation

Edema in lower extremities

Pain/ Aching

Heaviness

Hyper-pigmentation of feet and ankles

Itching

Skin irritation

Ulcers

References

Agus, G. B., (2016). Conservative treatment of chronic venous disease: the Italian experience. Phleboloympholoy. Retrieved from the website http://www.phlebolymphology.org/conservative-treatment-of-chronic-venous-disease- the-italian/

Cleveland Clinic, (2015). Chronic Venous Insufficiency. Retrieved from the website http://my.clevelandclinic. org /services/heart/disorders/arterial-and-vascular/disease/chronic-venous-insufficiency

Huether, S.E. & McCance, K. L. (2012). Understanding pathophysiology (Laureate custom ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

Vascular Disease Foundation, (2011). What is Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI)? Retrieved from the website http://vasculardisease.org/flyers/chronic-venous-insufficiency-flyer.pdf

Zimbron, J. (2008). Mind maps—Dementia, endocarditis, and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) [PDF]. Retrieved from http://MedMaps.co.uk