GROWS IN MOUNTAIN AREAS AND IS USED AS AN ORNAMENTAL - IVY-LIKE

chinese goat herders noticed that they were especially frisky after eating a certain herb - herba epimedii.so herb became known as Horny goat Weed. Chinese regard it as one of the most effective aphrodisiacs for men and women source: herbalextractsplus.com/epimedium.cfm

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PUNGENT

SWEET

WARM

icariin

lioleic acid

palmitic acid

sterols

benzene

tannin

vitamin e

flavonoids

and relieves pain

. Institute of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.Dr. Ke-ming Chen, Institute of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China. Chkeming@yahoo.com.cn Browse Search My Profile Activate Help Home > List of Issues > Table of Contents > Abstract You have no access to this articleIcariin, a flavonoid from the herb Epimedium enhances the osteogenic differentiation of rat primary bone marrow stromal cellsAuthor(s): K. M. Chen 1 | B. F. Ge 2 | H. P. Ma 3 | X. Y. Liu 4 | M. H. Bai 5 | Y. Wang 6Prev | Table of contents | Next View PDF article (170 K) Email this link What is RSS?Trouble viewing articles as PDF? Pharmazie Print ISSN: 0031-7144 | Electronic ISSN: 0031-7144Volume: 60 | Issue: 12Cover date: Winter 2005Page(s): 939-942 Abstract The herb Epimedium has long been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine to treat bone fracture and prevent osteoporosis. Researchers believe that the flavonoids contained in the herb are the effective component for this activity. However, no single flavonoid has been studied for its effect on bone-related cells. In the present study, icariin, one of the major flavonoids of the herb, supplemented the primary culture medium of rat bone marrow stromal cells (rMSCs) at 0.1 μM , 1 μM and 10 μM respectively. It was found that icariin stimulated the proliferation of rMSCs and increased the number of CFUF stained positive for alkaline phosphatase in a dose-dependent manner. Icariin also dose-dependently increased the alkaline phosphatase activity, osteoalcin secretion and calcium deposition level of rMSCs during osteogenic induction. The addition of 10 μM icariin caused four times more mineralized bone nodules to be formed by rMSCs than in the control. The results demonstrated that icariin should be an effective component for bone-strengthening activity, and one of the mechanisms is to stimulate the proliferation and enhance the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs.

The traditional chinese Medicine Materia Medica clinical reference and study guide, Peter Holes and Jing Wang, with research by Heather McIver, snow Lotus Press, Boulder, CO, copyright 2002page 299-300

Chinese Medical Herbology and Pharmacology p893-895

maybe not cited he Herb That’s Making News Everywhere: Epimedium or Horny Goat Weed You may laugh out at the comical name of this herb, but this little herb has been a legendary aphrodisiac that also boosts libido in men. It has also been known to overcome erectile dysfunction in men. Apart from the names Epimedium & Horny Goat Weed, it’s also known as Barrenwort, Bishop’s Hat, Fairy Wings or Yin Yang Huo. Epimedium is a genus of about 25 species of herbaceous flowering plants in the family Berberidaceae and are native to southern Europe and central, southern and eastern Asia. This herb was first described in ancient Chinese medicinal texts. Shen Nong’s ‘Canon of Medicinal Herbs’, compiled around 400 A.D., cites its use. The name ‘Epimedium’ was given to it since it’s related to a plant found in the ancient southwest Asian kingdom of Media that now forms a part of Iran. Horny goat weed is now one of the most important herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine and is rapidly gaining fame in the Western World too. For The Complete Sex Experience, Try Horny Goat Weed Parts Used & Qualities of This Magical Herb The leaves & the stems are the only parts used. They are either dried & powdered or used as a liquid herbal extract. The leaves of Epimedium hold a mixture of flavonoids, polysaccharides, sterols and an alkaloid called magnaflorine. This herb has a reputation to reinstate sexual drive, improve erectile function & relieve fatigue. According to legend, Epimedium’s aphrodisiac property was unearthed by a Chinese goat herdsman who observed sexual activity in his flock after they consumed the weed. The chief element in Epimedium is icariin, which can be found in standardized extracts to be from 5% up to 60% potent. Icariin is used to augment erectile function. Latest studies have shown that a daily dosage of Horny goat weed extract exhibits noteworthy results as a sexual performance enhancer for men - boosting sexual vigor & endurance. Horny Goat Weed is a traditional Chinese herb & has been long been used by those in the health care profession. It has also been identified to correct liver, joint, knee and back problems. The Chinese Academy of Sciences advocates the regular use of Epimedium as it enriches the quality of life. Horny Goat Weed Will Bring Back the Flame of Passion In Your Life!! How Does Epimedium Function? Research on the Horny Goat Weed has shown that it increases the testosterone level to a notable extent in mice. This is one of the herb’s methods of action. Epimedium also works by increasing nitric oxide levels, which relax the smooth muscles. This allows more blood flow to the penis or clitoris or other smooth muscles thus enhancing the overall sexual performance. Additionally, it also acts as a mild PDE-5 inhibitor. PDE-5 is an enzyme which is produced in a ‘negative feedback’ loop. As more blood flows to the genitals, PDE-5 metabolizes the nitric oxide almost as fast as it is being formed to keep it in check. If the body does not produce enough of this enzyme, damage to the erect penis could result from too hard of an erection. This is called priapism. Horny Goat Weed produces a small amount of PDE-5 inhibitors within safe levels unlike Viagra that also has harmful side effects. Studies have also shown that Horny Goat Weed has anti-fatigue effects and helps evade adrenal exhaustion.

Epimedium Tea Benefits have been well-known in the records of traditional Chinese medicine. In fact, the use of epimedium is mentioned in Shen Nong's Canon of Medicinal Herbs, compiled around 400 A.D. Epimedium is an ivy-like shrub native to the higher and drier areas of China and Tibet. Epimedium is a member of the buttercup family. In Traditional Chinese Medicine, epimedium is used to increase the Yang (outwardly directed energies) when there is not a deficiency of Yin (containing energies). Laboratory studies with animals suggest that the benefits of epimedium have something to do with increasing the production of the pleasure chemical dopamine and decreasing production of the stress hormone cortisol. Epimedium is also known to help dilate the blood vessels, thus bringing about a host of circulatory system benefits, including contributing to enhanced sexual functions. The constituents of epimedium are the following: fats, saponins, and essential oil, with trace amounts of epimedins, epimedosides, icariin, magnflorin, and quercetin. Epimedium can be consumed internally as a tea infusion. To make epimedium tea, add one ounce of the cut epimedium leaves to a pint of hot water. Drink a cup of epimedium tea once to thrice per day. The epimedium tea should be taken with food. As with most herbs, it is best to consult first with your physicians before trying out epimedium tea herbal remedy. Some of the health benefits attributed to epimedium tea are the following: Epimedium Tea may help counter low libido, sterility, erection problems and premature ejaculation. Epimedium Tea may help fight asthma. Epimedium Tea may help fight bronchitis. Epimedium Tea may help combat cervical dysplasia. Epimedium Tea may be used in the overall efforts to treat congestive heart failure and viral infections of the heart. Epimedium Tea may be used in efforts to treat low white cell count. Epimedium Tea may help enhance energy. Epimedium Tea may contribute to optimal blood circulation.

The plant was named epimedium because it is akin to a plant found in the ancient southwest Asian kingdom of Media, now a part of Iran. Plants used for medicinal purposes include Epimedium sagittatum, Epimedium brevicornum, Epimedium wushanense, Epimedium koreanum, and Epimedium pubescens. The use of epimedium as a medicinal herb dates back thousands of years. Shen Nong's Canon of Medicinal Herbs, compiled around 400 A.D., mentions its use. The odorless, bitter herb has been used as a: Most PopularCBS MoneyWatch.com BlogsKidney tonic to help relieve problems of frequent urination and correct problems of lightheadedness and weakness associated with improper body fluid volumes.Reproductive system tonic to treat impotence and premature ejaculation.Rejuvenating tonic, as an aphrodisiac or to relieve fatigue.The herb, which dilates blood vessels, has also been used to treat coronary heart disease , asthma, bronchitis, and sinusitis. An expectorant, it can be used to control coughing. It can also be used to lower blood pressure. Studies have shown that epimedium raises adrenaline, noradrenaline, serotonin, and dopamine levels in animals. It is the dopamine that may be responsible for the herb's use as a reproductive tonic. The increased dopamine levels in the body set off a chain reaction that leads to a release of testosterone, the male sex hormone. Other evidence suggests the herb increases sensitivity in nerve endings, which may explain why it is prescribed as an aphrodisiac. The herb is collected in summer or early autumn, then dried in the sun. Some use it unprepared, while others bake it with sheep fat. The herb can be ingested as a tea infusion. To make the tea, one ounce of the cut leaves are added to a pint of hot water. The recommended dosage is one to three cups per day. The tea should be taken with food. A powder form may be made by combining 100 kg of dried epimedium leaves with 20 kg of refined suet, then stir-frying the concoction. Epimedium may also be combined with lycium fruit to make a tea concoction to stimulate the Kidneys and reproductive system. Combine one ounce of epimedium and wolfberries (lycium) with hot water and drink after the concoction has steeped for 10 to 15 minutes. Note that individuals with allergies to tomatoes and other vegetables in the nightshade family may also be allergic to lycium berries. When buying epimedium, be sure to pick leaves with a dark color. Those that are yellow or blanched probably sat in the sun too long when drying and won't be as effective. Also, purchase herbs from reputable companies to ensure their purity. Ingesting an excess amount of the herb can lead to vomiting, dizziness, thirst, and nosebleed. Just like other drugs, herbs can be hazardous to health both by themselves and particularly in certain combinations. For this reason, consult a knowledgeable herbal therapist before taking epimedium to find out what it can and can't be used with. Also, be aware that herbs can interfere with prescription medication. Bown, Deni. Encyclopedia of Herbs and Their Uses. New York: Dorling Kindersley, 1995.Keys, John D. Chinese Herbs: Their Botany, Chemistry, and Pharmacodynamics. Rutland, Vt.: Charles E. Tuttle, 1976."Epimedium." Herbwalk.com. http://herbwalk.com/remedy/herb_Epimedium_132.html."Epimedium grandiflorum." AdvancedHerbals.com. http://www.advancedherbals.com/herbs/div/epimedium_grandiflorum.html."Traditional Chinese Medicine Herbal Database." China-Med.net. http://www.china-med.net/unified_site/herb_library/materia_medica.html.>

Home > Herbal Glossary > Chinese Herb List > Herba Epimedii >>Name>>Origin>>Where Does It Grow?>>Nature and Taste>>Identified Active Components/Major ChemicalConstituents>>Historical Use>>What is It Used for in TCM?>>Pharmacological Actions >Effects on Sexual Function >Effects on Cardiovascular System >Effects on Immune System >Effects on Respiratory System >Anti-viral Effect >Others>>Administration and Dosage>>Adverse Effects, Side Effects and Cautions>>References Original plant of Herba Epimedii Dried leavesNameLatin Name: Herba Epimedii Common Name: EpimediumScientific Name: Epimedium brevicornum Maxim Chinese Name: 仙靈脾 / 淫羊藿Pinyin Name: Xian Ling Pi/ Yin Yang HuoTopOriginThe branch and leaf of Epimedium sagittatum (Sieb. Et Zucc.) Maxim. or E. brevicornum Maxim. and other Epimedium species; family Berberidaceae.[1]TopWhere Does It Grow?Mainly in mountain areas, and distributed throughout most of China.[2]TopNature and TastePungent and sweet in flavor, warm in property[1]TopIdentified Active Components/ Major Chemical Constituents[3] Icariin Benzene Linoleic acid Tannin Oleic acid Vitamin E Palmitic acid Flavonoids Sterols TopHistorical UseDue to its qi-boosting and spirit quieting effects, Herba Epimedii is traditionally used to relieve stress and fatigue. Chinese folk healers were reported to use 100-200g (10 times the common modern clinical dose) of Herba Epimedii decocted with squid and red wine as a treatment for bodily fatigue and lack of strength due to overtaxation[5]. It is believed to remedy fatigue and absent-mindedness by flooding the brain with blood[6]. Additionally, Herba Epimedii leaf extracts have long been used as an aphrodisiac, and the herb is a common ingredient in the alcoholic "Spring Wine".TopWhat is It Used for in TCM?1. Invigorates kidney and strengthens yang while boosting qi.2. For deficiency of kidney-yang, manifested as impotence, liver cirrhosis, emission, enuresis, frequent micturition, soreness of the waist and the knees, sterility.3. Herba Epimedii is related to the Kidney and Liver Channels.4. Strengthen tendons and bones, and expel wind-dampness: Helps with wind-dampness syndrome with arthralgia, numbness of limbs, muscular spasm and flaccidity of extremities, infantile paralysis, and rheumatoid pain.5. Eliminates phlegm and relieves cough and asthma symptoms especially chronic cough and asthma (including geriatric asthma), of yang-deficiency type.6. Also used for coronary heart diseases, hypertension and recently, neurasthenia.TopPharmacological Actions 1. Effects on Sexual Function Animal Studies Increase sex organ size and testosterone production in mice Male mice administered Herba Epimedii extract or decoction showed an increase in the weight of prostate glands, seminal vesicles and levator ani muscles[7] as well as in the plasma testosterone level, testicular tissue growth and testicular secretions[8] . Icariin was able to promote testosterone secretion and cAMP synthesis in Leydig cells[9] . When female rats were administered with Herba Epimedii decoction, significant increase in the weight of anterior pituitary, ovary and uterus as well as an increase in the receptor binding affinity of hCG/LH was recorded[10] . Clinical Studies Improve impotence Herba Epimedii was used with Semen Custaue to treat 52 cases of impotence. Together with a specific decoction bath and massage, the total effective rate was found to be 92%.[11-12]. A formula containing Herba Epimedii, Fructus Lycii, Cordyceps, Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae was used to treat 28 cases of impotence; the overall effective rate was 86%[13] . Restore sexual function in menHerba Epimedii was used together with Rhizoma Curculiginis and Radix Acanthopanacis Senticosi to treat 32 cases of sexual function decline, 21 cases showed significant improvement while seven cases showed improvement[14] . Alleviate the symptoms of leukoplakia vulvae Patients treated with Herba Epimedii powder mixed in a cream made of liver oil used externally showed significant improvement in leukoplakia symptoms[15] . Improve mid-cycle menstrual bleedingIn a study where the single ingredient Herba Epimedii was used to treat 12 cases of mid-cycle menstrual bleeding, fully satisfactory results were reported in every one of these 12 cases[16] . 2. Effects on cardiovascular system Animal Studies Strengthens the contractility of heart muscleA Herba Epimedii decoction was able to increase the contractive force of cardiomyoctes in toad hearts in vitro and in vivo. Herba Epimedii decoction was also able to restore cardiac muscular tension in a pentobarbital sodium induced heart failure toad model. Rabbits injected i.v. with Herba Epimedii decoction showed strengthened cardiac muscle tension.[17] Increase cardiac outputThe cardiac output of rabbits injected i.v. with a Herba Epimedii decoction (=1g raw herb/ kg) was significantly increased. In contrast, when rabbits were injected i.v with icariin(1mg/kg), their cardiac output decreased significantly.[18] Increase Coronary Blood FlowWhen guinea pig or rabbit hearts were treated with a Herba Epimedii decoction or extract, respectively, in vitro, their coronary blood flow increased[19-20] . When anethesized dogs were injected i.v. with a non amino acid extract or water extract of Herba Epimedii, their coronary blood flow was significantly increased[21-22] . A Herba Epimedii injection was able to restore the pituitrin induced coronary blood flow reduction in guinea pigs[23] . Protect against inadequate blood supply (ischemia)Herba Epimedii decoction, water and non amino acid extracts showed a protective effect against ischemic damage in rat myocytes[21,22,24] . Lower blood pressureWhen applied i.v., a Herba Epimedii decoction was able to lower the blood pressure in rabbits, rats and cats[7] . In a hypertensive rat model, Herba Epidmedii (by gavage) was able to lower the animals' blood pressure significantly. However, the hypertension resumes after cessation of medication. [25] Promote platelet aggregationBoth Herba Epimedii decoction and Herba Epidmedii polysaccharides were able to promote blood platelet aggregation and lower hematocrit both in vitro and in vivo[26] . Lower cholesterol and triglyceridesAdministration of Herba Epimedii by gavage to hyperlipidemic rabbits was able to lower their beta-lipoprotein, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels[27] . Clinical Studies Decrease symptoms of anginaHerba Epimedii tablet and Herba Epimedii extract tablet were used to treat coronary heart disease patients in two separate clinical trials. The patients in both studies showed improvement in ECG readings as well as in the seriousness of angina[28-29] . In another study where coronary heart disease patients were treated with Herba Epimedii injection (intramuscular), the patients experienced improvement in ECG readings as well as symptoms such as angina pain, palpitations and shortness of breath[30] . Lower blood pressure in patients with hypertensionIn a study where Herba Epimedii extract tablets were used to treat 115 cases of hypertension, the patients' blood pressure was decreased by 10.7kPa/ 5.33kPa (80/ 40mm Hg) and the overall effective rate was 78%[31] . 3. Effects on Immune Function Animal studies Increase antibody production When mice immunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were s.c. injected with Herba Epimedii flavone, Herba Epimedii polysaccharide or icariin, their serum antibody level and the splenic antibody level were significantly increased[32-34]. Modulate lymphocyte proliferationMice injected s.c. with Herba Epimedii flavone or Herba Epimedii polysaccharide once a day for seven days showed significant increase in lymphocyte transformation[32-33]. Murine lymphocytes treated with Herba Epimedii polysaccharide were more responsive to phytohaemoagglutinin (PHA) stimulation[32]. Fifty percent ethanol extracts of were able to inhibit mitogen induced lymphocytic growth in vitro in a dose dependent manner. Previous studies on mice treated with overdose of cyclophosphamide showed that Herba Epimedii polysaccharide (injected s.c.) was able to promote T cell production that was suppressed by cyclophosphamide, which in turn inhibited antibody production. However, when cyclophosphamide treated mice were injected s.c. with icariin, the T cell production was suppressed and the antibody production rate was increased[34]. In a hydropredinsolone acetate induced yang deficient mouse model, administration of Herba Epimedii decoction by gavage was able to increase 3H-TdR incorporation rate during lymphocyte transformation and to increase erythrolysin level as well as anti-blood coagulation factor titer[35]. In another study, mice were rendered immuno-depressed by lymphocyte antiserum treatment. When lymphocyte antiserum induced immune-depressed mice were administered with Herba Epimedii decoction, their reduced splenic lymphocyte and splenic plaque forming cell counts were restored[36]. Increase/ restore phagocytic activity of macrophagesMacrophages isolated from mice administered s.c. with Herba Epimedii polysaccharides or Herba Epimedii flavone showed increased phagocytic activities[33]. In an immune depressed mouse model induced by anti-lymphocyte antibody treatment, Herba Epimedii was able to restore the carbon phagocytic activity of macrophages[36]. Stimulate IL-2 productionAt low concentration (100μg/ml and 1000μg/ml), Herba Epimedii polysaccharide was able to stimulate the activity of IL-2 secreted from human peripheral blood lymphocytes, while at high concentrations (2500μg/ml and 5000μg/ml), it would inhibit IL-2 production[37]. Increase DNA synthesis and bone marrow cell proliferationAdministration of a Herba Epimedii decoction significantly elevated DNA synthesis by 68% and enhanced bone marrow cell proliferation by 72% in a mouse yang-deficiency model[25]. Clinical Studies Decrease the symptoms of leucopeniaIn 22 cases of leucopenia of qi deficient type, treated with a Herba Epimedii powder (15g/bag, 3 bags/ day for the first week and 2 bags/ day from the second weeks onwards) for 30 to 45 days, three cases showed complete recovery, four cases showed significant improvement, five cases showed improvement and two cases experienced no change[38]. Improve quality of life of patients undergoing hemodialysisPatients on erythropoietin medications were treated with Herba Epimedii for 4 months, the infection rate was decreased and IL-2 levels were increased. Improvement in parameters like energy, sleeping, appetite and male sex function were recorded. [39] 4. Effects on Respiratory System Animal Studies Anti-asthmatic effectsHerba Epimedii extract can completely inhibit coughing caused by electrical stimulation of recurrent laryngeal nerve in cats. It can also relieve histamine-induced asthma in guinea pigs[40]. Clinical Studies Effective in treating chronic bronchiolitisHerba Epimedii was used to treat 1066 cases of chronic bronchiolitis, the overall effective rate was 74.6%[40]. 5. Anti-viral Effect Animal studies Antimicrobial and antiviral effectHerba Epimedii was able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus albus, Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria, pneumococcus, Bacillus influenzae, Mycobacterium tuberculosdis, poliovirus, ECHO virus (type 6 and 9) and coxsackie virus (type A9, B4 and B5)[7,25,41]. Clinical studies More effective than vitamin C in treating viral myocarditisIn a study on viral myocarditis, 36 cases were treated with Herba Epimedii extract tablet (7 to 10 tablets/ time, 3 times/ day) and Vitamin C (3g in 500ml glucose solution, i.v. application) while 25 cases were treated with Vitamin C alone. The overall effective rate of former group and later group were 69.4% and 40% respectively.[43] 6. Others Anti-oxidation effect in animalsWater extract of Herba Epimedii was able to inhibit lipid peroxide formation in rat heart, liver, brain and kidney homogenates[44]. In an acute aging mouse model, Herba Epimedii flavone could significantly restore the depressed T and B lymphocyte proliferation, increase SOD activity, decrease lipid peroxide formation and reduce heart and liver lipofuscin[45]. Additionally, icariin has been shown to have catecholamines-antagonizing effects. Reduce blood glucose in animalsRats treated with Herba Epimedii extracts showed blood glucose level reduction[46], as did experimental hyperglycemic rabbits[25]. Used together with other Chinese medicine to treat NeurastheniaA 3% Herba Epimedii decoction (iontophoresically applied), a Herba Epimedii extract, Herba Epimedii flavone and Icariin were used to treat to 104, 138, 61 and 29 cases respectively , the overall effective rates were 85.6%, 89.9%, 93.44% and 89.6% respectively. Improvement in the sleeplessness symptoms were also recorded in the studies. [47-48]TopAdministration and DosageDecoction: 6-15g, up to 30g for single use[4].TopAdverse Effect, Side Effects and CautionsAdverse effects are brought about by extended use, and include dizziness, vomiting, dry mouth, thirst and nosebleeding. In mice, at large doses, it can cause respiratory arrest and hyperreflexia to the point of spasm.[49] It is also contraindicated in Deficiency of Yin with Heat[50].TopReferences1. Pharmacopoeia Comission of the Ministry of Public Health ed. A colored Atlas of the Chinese Materia. Joint Publishing (H.K.)Co., Ltd. 1995: 423. 2. http://www.herbasin.com/database/yinyanghuo.htm 3. http://www.botanical.com/products/learn/epimedium.html 4. Qu Ming ed. Chinese-English Manual of Common-Used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Joint Publishing (H.K.) Co.,Ltd. Hong Kong. 1989. 5. Xu Ying-zhang. Epimedium's Has Qi-boosting & Spirit-quieting Effects. Zhong Yi Za Zhi 1999 Dec. 6. http://www.herb-tea.com/database/yinyanghuo.htm 7. 王浴生主編. 中藥藥理與應用The Pharmacology and Application of Chinese Medicine. 北京人民衛生出版社People Hygiene Publisher of Beijing 中國 北京 China Beijing 1983; p.1102 8. 牛銳. 淫羊藿炮制前後對小鼠血漿睪丸酮及附性器官的影響Effects of Herba Epimedii on blood testosterone level and on sex organ. 中國中藥雜誌China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 1989; 14(9):18. 9. 熊躍斌等. 中國藥學雜誌Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal 1994; 29(2):89-91. 10. 李炳如等. 補腎藥(菟絲子、巴戟天、肉蓯蓉、仙茅和淫羊藿)對下丘腦-垂体-性腺軸功能的影響Effects of kidney tonic (Semen Cuscutae, Radix Morindae Officinalis, Herba Cistanches, Rhizoma Curculiginis and Herba Epimedii) on the function of hypothalamus- pituitary- sex gland axis. 中醫雜誌Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1984; 25(7):63 11. 殷愛華. 雲南中醫雜誌Hunan Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1989; 10(6):13. 12. 殷愛華. 貴陽中醫學院學報Journal of GuiYang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1990; (1):29 13. 王國忠. 北京中醫Beijing Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine , 1994; (2):31 14. 金維良等. 中醫藥研究Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1993; (2):40. 15. 吳新榮. 遼宁中醫雜誌Liaoning Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1991; 18(9):37 16. http://www.bluepoppy.com/press/download/articles/new_uses_epimedium.html 17. 王文正等. 淫羊藿對心血管機能作用的初步實驗觀察 Preliminary study on the effect of Herba Epimedii on cardiovascular function. 安徽中醫學院學報Journal of Anhui Traditional Chinese Medical College 1983; (2):60 18 劉崇明等. 淫羊藿治療冠心病的研究７:淫羊藿對心臟的影響. Research on the efficacy of Herba Epimedii on coronary heart disease 7: Effects of Icariin on heart 沈陽藥學院學報1981; (12):28, 中草藥Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs 1982; (9):30 19. 沈陽藥學院四十二期隊淫羊藿研究組.The 42nd research group of Shen Yang Medical College淫羊藿治療冠心病的研究2: 淫羊藿水煎劑實驗的藥理研究. Research on the efficacy of Herba Epimedii on coronary heart disease 2: Pharmacological Research on the water extract of Herba Epimedii 沈陽藥學院學報Journal of Shenyang Medical College1997; (8):90. 20. 劉福春. 淫羊藿的臨床和藥理實驗研究近況 Recent advance on the clinical and pharmacological researches on Herba Epimedii. 中草藥Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs 1985; 16(10):44 21. 李恒昌等. 淫羊藿對心血管系統作用的實驗藥理研究.(III) 對血液動力學及流變學的影響 Effect of Herba Epimedii on Cardiovascular system(III): Hemodynamic and Blood rheology studies. 朝陽醫藥Medicine of Chao Yang 1983;(2):25 22. 解放軍234醫院. 沈陽藥學院淫羊藿研究組Herba Epimedii Research group, Shen Yang Medical College, The 234 Hospital of Liberal Army,. 淫羊藿水浸膏治療冠心病有效部分實驗藥理研究 Efficacy of water extract of Herba Epimedii on Coronary heart disease. 沈陽藥學院學報Journal of Shen Yang Medical College1975; (7):86. 23. 龔蘭生等. 淫羊藿注射液的心血管作用及臨床應用的初步觀察 Preliminary study on the clinical application of Herba Epimedii injection on cardiovascular system. 遼宁中醫雜誌Liaoning Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1981; (10):45. 24. 韓建敏等. 淫羊藿制劑對心血系統的藥理作用Pharmacological function of Herba Epimedii preparation on cardiovascular system 中成藥研究Research on Chinese Medicine1981; (12):40. 25. http://riteherbs.com/herbology/exe/viewHerb.asp?id=408 26. 李銳松. 淫羊藿煎劑對健康血小板聚集性的影響 Effect of Herba Epimedii on platelet aggregation. 中成藥研究Research on Chinese Medicine1988; (1)28. 27. 錦州醫學院藥理教研組 Pharmacological research, Jinzhou Medical College . 降血脂中草藥篩迭的實驗性研究 Studies on the hypolipidemic Chinese medicine. 錦州科技Jinzhou Technology1977; (6):19. 28. 中國人民解放軍234醫院 The 234 Hospital of China Liberal Army. 冠心病防治組淫羊藿治療冠心病的研究I: 淫羊藿治療冠心病140例臨床療效觀察Effect of Herba Epimedii on Cardiovascular system(I): 140 cases coronary heart diseases. 沈陽藥學院學報 Journal of Shen Yang Medical College 1977; (8):85. 29. 王莉等. 淫羊藿治療冠心病140例臨床療效觀察 Efficacy of Herba Epimedii on 140 cases of Coronary heart diseases. 上海中醫藥雜誌Shanghai Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1989; (8):26 30. 于莉. 中醫雜誌 Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1990; 31(3):36 31. 中國人民解放軍234醫院. 冠心病防治組Coronary heart disease prevention group, The 234 Hospital of China Liberal Army.. 淫羊藿治療冠心病近期臨床療效觀察 Clinical study on the efficacy of Herba Epimedii on Coronary heart disease. 沈陽藥學院學報 Journal of Shenyang Medical College1976; (7):92. 32. 王天然等. 淫羊藿多糖促進免疫功能的實驗研究 Research on the immune promoting function of Herba Epimedii polysaccharides. 北京醫藥工業Beijing Medical Industry1985; (2):23. 33. 王天然等. 淫羊藿總黃酮促進免疫功能的寶驗 The immune promoting effect of Herba Epimedii flavones. 中成藥研究Research on Chinese Medicine1987; (2):27. 34. 王天然等. 淫羊藿促進抗体生成的作用 Antibody promoting effect of Icariin. 藥學通報Journal of Medicine1987; 22(9):583. 35. 王天然. 淫羊藿多糖和淫羊藿對抑制性Ｔ細胞的作用 Effects of Herba Epimedii polysaccharides and icariin on suppressed T cells. 中國免疫學雜誌 Chinese Journal of Immunology 1986, 2(2):74. 36 耿排力等. 溫陽藥及其有效成分對陽虛動物模型某些免疫功能的影響 Effects of Yang warming medicine and their active constituents on the immune function of yang deficient animals. 中醫雜誌Journal of Chinese Medicine1983; 24(3):61. 37. 張瑩. 仙靈脾對免疫功能低下小鼠作用的實驗研究 Effects of Herba Epimedii on immuno-depressed mice. 中醫藥信息Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine 1986; (1):33. 38. 劉虎占主編. 中藥現代研究與應用第5卷.Modern Research and Application of Chinese Medicine ，學苑出版社 Xue Yuan Publisher 中國 北京 China Beijing 1999. 39. 劉福春. 淫羊藿沖劑治療白細胞減少症及其對免疫功能的作用Effects of Herba Epimedii on treating leucopenia and on immune function. 上海中醫藥雜誌Shanghai Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1986; (3):32. 40. 廖洪軍等. 中國中西醫結合雜誌Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine 1995;14(4):202 41. 恩施地區防治慢性氣管炎辦公室 Enshi office: chronic bronchiolitis prevention and treatment, 淫羊藿治療慢性氣管炎臨床小結 Summary on treating chronic bronchiolitis with Herba Epimedii. 湖北衛生Hubei Hygine1972; (7):15. 42 曾毅. 中藥對脊髓灰質炎病毒和其他腸道病毒的作用 Effects of Chinese medicine on poliovirus and other intestinal virus. 中華醫學雜誌National Medical Journal of China 1964; 50(8):521. 43. 朱世才. 淫羊藿合維生素C治療病毒性心肌炎36例療效觀察 Effects of Combing Herba Epimedii with vitamin C on viral myocarditis: clinical observation on 36 cases. 中西醫結合雜誌Journal of Integrated Tradtional and Western Medicine 1984; 4(9):523. 44. 鄭州中藥制藥廠 Zhengzhou pharmaceutical factory of Chinese medicine. 抗痳痹注射液的制備及療效. 中草藥通訊Chinese Medicine Communication1972; (2):28. 45. 魏振裝等. 四組中藥煎劑對小鼠血液中SOD和過氧化氫酉每活力的影響 Effects of 4 Chinese medicine decocts on blood SOD and hydrogen peroxidase activity in mice. 中草藥 Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs 1985; 76(6):11. 46. 劉匯波等. 淫羊藿黃酮對抗小鼠D-半乳糖衰老模型的研究 Effects of Herba Epimedii flavones on D-galactose induced aging mouse model. 中藥藥理与臨床Pharmacology and Clinics of Chinese Materia Medica 1990; 6(2):18. 47 平禎弘等. 醫學中央雜誌Journal of Central Medicine1971;276:344. 48. 蔡能等. 中藥淫羊藿游子透入治療神經衰弱的療效觀察 Treating neurasthenia by ion penetration of Herba Epimedii. 江蘇中醫雜誌 Jiangsu Journal of Tradtional Chinese Medicine 1962; (11):23. 49. 李海旺. 中醫雜誌 Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine; 1982; 23(11):70. 50. Jellin JM, Gregory PJ, Batz F, Hitchens K, et al. Pharmacist's Letter/ Prescriber's Letter Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database. 4th Edition. Stockton, CA: Therapeutic Research Faculty; 2002: pg500-501. 51 http://www.rmhiherbal.org/phar1/index.html

(sold as Horny Goat Weed) Click here toOrder Now!Browse Herbs Eleuthero Root | Eucalyptus Leaf Botanical: Epimedium grandiflorum Family: Berberidaceae (barberry)Other common names: Horny Goat Weed, Yin Yang Huo, Fairy Wings, Bishop's Hat, Barrenwort For those who wish to improve their sex drive and performance, why not try Epimedium? It has been used for two thousand years in China as a powerful aphrodisiac for both women and men and is said to be effective in promoting and maintaining normal sexual desire in both sexes, as well as helping to raise testosterone levels, increase sperm production and support erectile function in men. The herb is also thought to be effective in reducing temporary fatigue, increasing energy and alleviating menopausal discomforts. The Chinese Academy of Sciences even recommends Epimedium to slow the ageing process. Disclaimer:The information presented herein by Herbal Extracts Plus is intended for educational purposes only. These statements have not been evaluated by the FDA and are not intended to diagnose, cure, treat or prevent disease. Individual results may vary, and before using any supplements, it is always advisable to consult with your own health care provider. History:Epimedium is one of about twenty-five species of herbaceous flowering plants that is native to China and other parts of Asia (other species are native to Europe). The hardy, deciduous perennial grows as a leafy groundcover, most abundantly at higher altitudes, and bears four-petaled, purple, pink, yellow or white "spider-like" flowers that resemble a "Bishop's Hat" (giving the plant one of its common names), and blooming in spring or early summer. Epimedium has a long history in China, where its medicinal properties were first recorded two thousand years ago in the Shen Nong Canon of Herbs . The Chinese regard this herb as one of the most effective aphrodisiacs for both men and women, and its use came about in a somewhat circuitous way (or so legend has it). Centuries ago, Chinese goat herders noticed incessant sexual behavior in his goats and observed that this activity seemed to be directly related to their diet. When the goats fed on this herb, the activity increased; hence, another common name, Horny Goat Weed, was christened, and it probably did not take too long thereafter for its use to be shifted to humans. In China, its name is translated as "the herb for the man who likes sex too much, like a goat." In Chinese herbal medicine, Epimedium has also been used to treat kidney, joint, liver and back disorders, but its fame rests upon its aphrodisiacal qualities to increase sex drive. Some of the constituents included in Epimedium are a variety of flavonoids, polysaccharides, lignins, sesquiterpenes, phenolic and penethylol glycosides, ionones, sterols, icariin and an alkaloid called magnaflorine. Beneficial Uses:Epimedium is believed to be one of the most potent aphrodisiacs available for both men and women. The flavonoid content is said to promote the stimulation of sensory nerves, particularly in the genitals, and its use is said to support increased sexual arousal, as well as copulation activity and testosterone levels. Testosterone stimulates centers of the brain having to do with increased sexuality in both men and women, and in several studies that were conducted, it was demonstrated that Epimedium does, in fact, appear to enhance sexuality and quality of sex life and has been prescribed for women suffering from decreased sex drive and sexual motivation. It was also claimed that it improved sexual performance in patients undergoing hemodialysis for renal failure. Although the exact way that Epimedium acts is not fully understood, it is thought that an enzyme called acetylcholinesterase supports high levels of the key cholinergic neurotransmitters that are associated with sexual arousal, and, certainly, the plant has been in use for centuries to restore sexual desire in both women and men. With specific regard to male sexuality, Kee Chang Juang, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus of Pharmacology at the University of Louisville, Kentucky, claimed that in laboratory research, Epimedium appeared to have a sexual stimulatory effect on human males and may also stimulate the growth of the testes. In addition, it was also reported that men who took this herb showed a boost in erectile function and an increase in spermatozoa production. In the Chinese Materia Medica, pharmacist, You-Ping Shu, Ph.D., reported that in animal laboratory experiments, there was an increase in semen secretion, and Epimedium is also thought to be useful in cases of involuntary and premature ejaculation. Apropos of the above research concerning male sexuality, a team of researchers from the University of Milan have discovered that Epimedium acts the same way that Viagra does. Although used for centuries as a powerful aphrodisiac and means to enhance erectile function, modern scientists may now be a step closer to discovering how the compound, icariin, from Epimedium actually works. Viagra works by inhibiting an enzyme called PDE-5, thereby keeping blood flowing to the penis, which helps to reach and maintain an erection. The scientists tested icariin and other plant compounds in a lab by exposing them to an enzyme that regulates blood flow to the penis and found that its effect in the lab was similar to that of Viagra. Epimedium is said to be highly effective in treating bronchitis. Pharmacist, You-Ping Shu, Ph.D., reports in The Chinese Materia Medica that there is a 74.6% efficacy rate in clinical trials for treating this condition. The herb has also been used for the relief of asthma. There are claims that Epimedium helps to reduce fatigue, increase energy and stamina and revitalize the body. Studies have shown that the herb helps to promote an increase in the body's metabolic rate and may provide a temporary physical boost. Epimedium is believed to be an herbal tonic that improves the overall quality of life. The Chinese Academy of Sciences even recommends the regular use of Epimedium to slow the ageing process, and there are even claims that the herb is helpful in cases of absent-mindedness. Moreover, there is also strong scientific evidence (in current research), which would support the traditional Chinese herbal use of Epimedium, claiming that it is helpful for heart, liver and osteopathic problems (particularly inflammation associated with the lower back and knees). There are also studies in progress, asserting that use of the herb may lower blood pressure by dilating capillaries and blood vessels, thereby increasing blood flow. Because Epimedium is believed to promote normal hormone balance, it is believed to relieve both the temporary discomforts of menopause and also premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Recommended Dosage:Take two (2) capsules, one (1) to two (2) times each day with water at mealtimes. Contraindications:Currently, there are no major warnings or contraindications with the use of Epimedium Herbal Supplement, but overuse (many times the recommended dosage) may cause dizziness, thirst, nausea or nosebleed. Capsule Size:We use only 100% Gluten-free, Vegetable Cellulose, Certified Kosher, size "00" capsules for all of our encapsulated products. Each capsule contains approximately 600 mgs of powdered herb material. Ingredients: 100% Epimedium (sold as Horny Goat Weed) Standardized Extract (10% Icariins) - Our products contain 100% pure plant-based/natural materials using no fillers, grains, yeast, sugars, binders, excipients, starches or synthetic materials.

This herb is the dried leaf of Epimedium brevicornum Maxim.;Epimedium sagittatum (Siebold. et Zucc.) Maxim., Epimedium koreanum Nakai.,Epimedium pubescens Maxim.,Epimedium sinense, Epimedium wushanense T.S.Ying.,of the barberry family (Berberidaceae). Native to east Asia, the plant is grown on hillsides in damp shady bamboo groves or in moist woodlands in China. The perennial plant grows to about 0.5 m by 0.4 m. The leaf is in the shape of an arrowhead, thus the word "sagittatum," which means arrowhead shaped. It is in flower from May to June. The flowers are hermaphrodite (have both male and female organs). The plant can grow in semi-shade (light woodland). It requires dry or moist soil. Epimedium is often cultivated as a ground cover, and chosen among herbs to be planted in the informal woodland garden in the West for informality and naturalness. The Chinese, however, use it as a yang tonics in traditional Chinese medicine. In China, epimedium is produced mainly in the provinces Shannxi, Liaoning, Shanxi, Hubei, Sichuan, and Guangxi. It is collected in summer and autumn when the stem and leaves are exuberant, and dried in the sun following removal of impurities.

decoction

tincture

30 grams for 1 time use

3-4 capsules for immediate use

impotence infertility and lumbar weakness

lumbar knee and leg weakness/stiffness/cold/pain -

cramps spasms and numbness of extremities plus joint and muscle aches and pains

dizziness, pale complexion, hot flases, enuresis

perimenopausal syndrome

page 299-30 in text

sexual function

cardiovascular

immune

respiratory

antiviral

neurasthenia