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Astronomy

This is a mind map that contains information about astronomy. Start to use a mind map to express and organize your ideas and knowledge right now.

Edited at 2020-10-08 08:15:22

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Astronomy

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Astronomy

Hertzsprung

- They did this to find whether any patternsmight occur or emerge that would tell us moreabout the nature of stars

- MAIN SEQUENCE

- Groups of stars that do not appear along themain sequence are often near the end of theirlives

- WHITE DWARFS

- Are cooling and will eventually turn black

- RED GIANTS

- Will eventually explode

- Made by Ejnar Hertzsprung and Henry NorrisRussell

Sun

- Centre of the our Solar System

- Composed of mainly HYDROGEN (73% bymass) and HELIUM (25% by mass)

- Existed for 5 billion years, is expected toshine for 5 more

- LAYERS OF THE SUN

- Corona

- Clearly visible during a solar eclipse

- Chromosphere

- Layer we can see during a solar eclipse

- Photosphere

- Considered to be the boundary of the Sun

- Which we can see from Earth

- Lowest Temperature = 5500 C

- Convective Zone

- Radioactive Zone

- Core

- Solar Flare

- A massive explosion at the surface of the Sun

- Coronal Mass Ejection

- An extremely powerful kind of flare

- Aurora Borealis and Aurora Australis

- Solar wind is responsible for creating thedisplays of green, yellow and red light in theskies

- Borealis

- Is produced when the charged particles of asolar wind collide with the atoms andmolecules in the Earth&#39;s atmosphere

- Form as particles are trapped by the Earth&#39;smagnetic field

Stars

- Protostar

- A star in its first stage of formation

- Extremely high pressures build up inside theball , which in turn causes the tightly packedatoms to heat up

- As the temperature climbs, the core begins toglow

- General Mass Categories of Stars

- Low Mass Stars

- Most stars in the universe

- Medium Mass Stars

- Sun

- High Mass Stars

Planets

- Four Inner Planets

- Mercury

- Venus

- Earth

- Mars

- Astroid Belt

- Past Mars, lies a huge band of rocks that isspread out through a vast ring circling theSun

- Some rocks as large as 1000 km across

- Four Outer Planets

- Jupiter

- Saturn

- Uranus

- Neptune

- Solar wind blows gases away from the Sun, butthis does not mean that all the gases escape thesolar system completely

Space Exploration

- SPACECRAFT

- Rockets

- Lifts small capsules containing crew,equipment, or satellites into orbitand beyond.

- The new generation of human space flightspacecraft is the Orion crew explorarion

vehicle

- Space Shuttles

- Transport personnel and equipment to

orbiting spacecraft

- Space Stations

- Orbiting spacecraft that have living

- Space Probes

- Contain instrumentation for carrying outrobotic exploration of space

- SPINOFF

- Secondary beneficial effect or product of athing or an activity

- Ionization smoke detector

- In space it&#39;s used to detect possible fireoutbreaks on board a spacecraft

- ARTIFICIAL SATELLITE

- A device placed in orbit around Earth oranother celestial object

- First satellite- launched in 1957 by the formerSoviet Union

- GEOSTATIONARY ORBIT

- When a satellite orbits the Earth at the samerate at the Earth rotates

- GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)

- Group of satellites that transmit low energymicrowave signals

- These signals are picked up by small receiversthat people on Earth can easily carry by hand

The Big Bang Theory

- All galaxies contain

- Stars

- Planets

- Dust

- Black hole

- A region of space where gravity is so strongthat nothing can escape it, not even light

- The gravity is so strong that it can pull a starinto it which will completely destroy it

- Supermassive black holes

- Formed when a black hole at the centre of eachone gradually moves toward the other

- Dark matter

- It is invisible to direct observation bytelescopes

- About 25% of the universe may be filled withdark matter

- Shapes of galaxies

- Spiral and Barred Spiral

- Circular shape

- Elliptical

- Irregular

- Does not have a distinct shape or feature

Universe

- Solar System

- Star

- Hot ball of plasma

- An electrically charged gas, that shines becausenuclear fusion is taking place at its core

- Nuclear Fusion

- Process in which the nuclei of atoms fusetogether and form larger atoms

- During this process, an enormous amount ofenergy released

- MEASUREMENT

- Astronomical Unit (AU)

- Distance measure

- 1 AU equals the average distance between theSun and Earth, about 150 million km

- Light Year

- Distance Measure

- 1 LY equals the distance that a beam of lightcan travel to space in 1 year

- It is equivalent 63000 AU or 9000 billion km

- Astroid Belt

- Super Nova

- Star explosion

- Nebula

- Large clouds of dust and gas