- Nicholas Copernicus (1473 - 1543)
- Challenges Aristotle on Geocentric Theory
- Sun was the center of the universe
- Galen (129 - c. 210)
- Used apes for expirement
- Andreas Vesalius (1514 - 1564)
- Founder of modern biological science
- Discovered the 4 chambers of the heart
- William Harvey (1578 - 1657)
- Johannes Kepler (1571 - 1630)
- Three laws of planetary motion
- Galileo Galilei (1564 - 1642)
- Condemned by Inquisition
- Rene Descartes (1595 - 1656)