start the questionnaire with simple and interesting question

provide clear and easy-to-read instructions if necessary

ask sensitive and classificatory information last

lay out the questionnaire so that it is easy to read and follows the flow of the questionning process

i.e. the Internet

once drafted, the instrument should be pretested

corrections can be made to the instrument from results of the pretest

one-item or multiple-item scales

complex is preferred enhanced reliability and validity

is the item necessary?

how will the item be asked?

should the item be openor closed-ended?

how should the item be worded?

what response alternatives should be used?

in what order should the alternatives be stated?

how will "don't know", "no answer", and "neutral answer" responses be handled?

rating scales

attitude scales

relevance