MindMap Gallery 12 Principles of CTML

12 Principles of CTML

This mind map outlines the 12 principles of the Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML). These principles are designed to enhance learning through multimedia, focusing on the optimal use of images, voice, and text to foster deeper understanding. The principles include Image, Voice, Personalization, Multimedia, Modality, Pre-Training, Segmenting, Temporal Contiguity, Spatial Contiguity, Redundancy, Signalling, and Coherence. Each principle addresses different aspects of learning and memory, aiming to create more effective educational materials. This template is useful for educators, instructional designers, and anyone involved in creating multimedia learning experiences.

Edited at 2024-03-06 01:09:30

Dwi Oktaviani

12 Principles of CTML

Dwi Oktaviani

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Outline

12 Principles of CTML

Coherence

exclude extraneous material

Principles

Audiences learn better when extraneous words, pictures and sounds are excluded.

Signalling

Highlight the organization of essential material

Principle

Audiences learn better when cues that highlight the organization of the essential material are added.

Redundancy

Use graphics & narration, not graphics, narration & printed text

Principles

People learn better from graphics and narration than from graphics, narration and on screen text.

speaker should mimimise text, if necessary, to attempt a word count of up to fifteen words per slide, not exceed four to five lines per slide, and use symbols for reducing the word count.

Spatial Contiguity

Place words & pictures near each other on the page or screen

Principles

Audiences learn better when the presentation slide related text and images are near each other

Related points should be presented together in the show and not distanced by space/time.

Temporal Contiguity

Present corresponding words & pictures at the same time

Principles

Audiences learn better when the presentation slide related text and images are presented simultaneously.

Related points should be presented together in the show and not distanced by space/time.

Segmenting

Present learning in user-paced segments not as a continuous unit

Principle

Audiences learn better from a multimedia lesson that is presented in user-paced segments rather than as a continuous unit.

Different audiences naturally have different levels and rates of comprehension.

Pre-Training

Give pre-training in the names & characteristics of key components

Principles

Audiences learn better from a multimedia lesson when they know the names and characteristics of the main concepts to be discussed.

Throughout the presentation, the main points to be driven across should be used as slide titles, with graphics and/or short bullets in all presentations as an aide memoire, along with the use of summary slides at key points if required.

Modality

Use graphics & narration, not graphics & printed text

Principles

Subtopic

Multimedia

Use words, pictures, and auditory

Principles

Reducing extraneous processing

Managing essential processing

fostering generative processing

Personalization

Use a conversational rather than a formal style

Principle

Audiences learn better from multimedia lessons when words are in conversational style rather than formal style.

Voice

Speak in a friendly human voice

Avoid using a machine voice

Principles

Audiences learn better when the narration is spoken in a friendly human voice rather than a machine voice.

The ease with which a speaker gives a presentation depends on knowledge of the topic at hand, self-confidence and practice.

Image

the image does not need to be on screen

Principle

People do not necessarily learn better from a multimedia lesson when the speaker’s image is added to the screen.

References

Grech, Victor. (2018). The application of the Mayer multimedia learning theory to medical PowerPoint slide show presentations. Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine, 37-39.

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLcdQDUUQX_4s1WxEdrtnLAE8xozWyd4Mr

Name: Dwi Oktaviani NIM: 2205086047 Class: 2022 B Subject: TIE: Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML)