Identifying small, incremental tasks or subskills which the learner needed to acquire for successful completion of the instruction

Preparing specific behavioral objectives which would lead to the acquisition of those subskills

Sequencing subskill acquisition in the order which would most efficiently lead to successful learner outcomes

The view of learning as active, constructive process

The presence of high-level processes in learning

The cumulative nature of learning and the corresponding role played by prior knowledge

Concern for the way knowledge is represented and organized in memory

concern for analyzing learning tasks and performance in terms of the cognitive processes that are involved

Individual constructivism

Social constructivism

Instruction should proceed form the general to the specific (sequencing)

Each part should be related to the general context and to the other parts (synthesizing)

Educational goals

Learning objectives

The educational goals is the allocation of academic learning time by defined learning objectives

Instructional prescriptions

Attempts to explain learning in both living organisms and machines

Learning occurs through conversations about a subject matter which serve to make knowledge explicit

Applies to the learning of any subject matter

Activities

Gain attention

Inform learners of objectives

Stimulate recall of prior learning

Present the content

Guide learning

Elicit performance (practice)

Provide feedback

Asses performance

Enhance retention and transfer

Sequence

Creating

Evaluating

Analysing

Applying

Understanding

Remembering

Objectives

Proof-of principle prototype

Form study prototype

User experience prototype

Visual prototype

Functional prototype

Passive storyboards

Active storyboards

Interactive storyboards

Document flowcharts

Data flowcharts

System flowcharts

Program flowchart

Active world/ second life

Scratch

Edmodo

Bubbl.us, Mind42 or mindmeister

MindManager model

Stella

Interactive physics

etc.

Assessment

Project plan

Goals

Audiences

Objectives

Task analysis

Strategy

Prototypes

Outline content

Select media

Select technology

Select delivery

Develop materials

Deliver

Experiment

Integration

Evaluation plan

Testing

Reviews

Product requirements document

software architecture

Software