molten rock below the surface

Basaltic

Andesitic

Rhyolitic

molten rock at the surface

resistance to flow

depends on temperature andmagma composition

Less silica = Low viscosity

More silica = High viscosity

Air

Land

Shield Volcanoes

Stratovolcanoes

Cinder cones

Geocentric

Heliocentric

Size of the Universe

Big Bang Theory

Stars

Planets

Sun

Tilt of Earth 23.5 degrees

Insolation

Liquid Water

Gravity and Protective Atmosphere

Lifesustaining gases

A strong magnetic field

A fracture in the crust on whichmovement has occured

location where movement begins onfault

location on surface above the focus

step in land surface formed bymovement on the fault

Normal Fault

Reverse Fault

StrikeSlip Fault

segments of active faults that havenot experienced recent movements

Vibrations caused by earthquake

Seismograph instrument

Seismogram printed record

2 Forms:

standard measure of the energyreleased from an earthquake

measure of the effects of anearthquake

Troposphere

Stratosphere

Mesosphere

Thermosphere

Visible light and Infrared make up more than90% of radiation at Earth's surface

Albedo reflectivity of a surface

Water

Humidity

Pressure

Clouds

Winds

Definition: represents the  disintegration of                        rocks and minerals into smaller pieces

Unloading as overlying rocks erode, pressure is removed a process known as unloading and buried rocks expand upward

Wedging/ Frost Wedging when water gets into cracks and freezes, it expands and causes a rock to break apart

Definition: decomposition of rock as a result ofthe chemical breakdown of minerals

Dissolution occurs when minerals in a rock are dissolved by water

Hydrolysis occurs when hydrogen ions in water replace other ions in silicate minerals

Oxidation occurs when oxygen frequently reacts with iron or other metals in rocks

Definition: disintegration of rocks as aresult of the action by living organisms

Macroscopic Processes                                                                           action of plant, roots, animal burrows, termites and other boring organisms that remove or break down rocks and minerals

Microscopic Processes                                                                                     some plant microbial activity releases organic acidic compounds

Rock Composition                                                                         different minerals react to different chemicalweathering processes

Rock Properties                                                                              the presence of water in a rock promotes weathering

Climate                                                                                                  climate varies systematically with latitude and elevation

Atoms may have negative orpositive charge if they lose or gainelectrons

Crystal Form arrangement of the facesof a crystal to form a particular shape

Cleavage minerals break alongplanes of weakness defined byatomic structure

Hardness minerals ranked by theirrelative hardness using MohsHardness Scale

Color minerals have characteristiccolors

Luster how light reflects frommineral

Streak color of mark on unglazedporcelain

Continents have occupied Earth's surface in different locations in the past

Wegener's Observations

Planet is slowly cooling andcontracting as heat of formation islost

Seafloor Topography

Rocks of the seafloor are youngercompared to continental rocks

Earthquakes found near oceanicridges and trenches

Earth's Magnetic Field

Convergent

Divergent

Transform