Predicate Dualism

Predicate dualism claims the irreducibility of mental predicates to physical predicates. Substance or Cartesian dualism.

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Outline

Predicate-Dualism

ontology

predicate dualism

Psychological predicates are essential for a fulldescription of the world and can't be reducedto predicates about the physical world.

fully compatible with AI

bundle dualism

We define things by their properties. Mind is a separatething in as much as it is described differently frommatter, but that doesn't mean it is a separatesubstance.

compatible with both AI and religion, in thatit doesn't exclude any of the otherpossibilities

property dualism

Anything that involves psychology involves aspecial property of matter, a property that isotherwise not needed for physical processes.

substance dualism

"The stuff that thinks" is adifferent substance from regularmatter.

Human beings are composed both of mentalsubstances ("soul") and of physical substances("body"); the two are linked somehow.

Mental substances have properties thatphysical substances never have, such as theability to behave morally, show compassion,love, etc.

AI?

an intelligent embodiment only occurs when a mindwills it into existence, so the process ofmechanically assembling parts is not sufficient; AIis not possible

definitions

consciousness

intentionality

self

soul

qualia

embodiment

physicalism

materialism

epistemology

ontology

zombie

causality

questions

ontology

What is the correspondencebetween mental and physicalstates?

causality

What is the causal relationshipbetween physical and mentalstates?

basic issue

dualism OR the mindbody problem

states

mental state

I'm thinking of a pink elephant

physical state

particular firing pattern of neurons

How do mental states relate tophysical states?

If substance or property dualism are true, thenAI cannot work the way we are approaching it,since we haven't put in the right "substance."

issues

Can the same mind exist separately from the bodyor in different bodies?

If we build machines from metaland silicon, can they have amind?

Which of these are questions about thephysical world? I.e., which of these can beanswered experimentally?

survival of the soul

existence of qualia

existence of consciousness(zombie vs human)

history

antiquity

Plato (400 BCE)

Physical bodies are imperfect versions ofideals or concepts ("Platonic forms" "Platonicideals")

"Multiple souls": nutritive souls (all living things),perceptive souls (animals), reason (unique topeople)

Aristotle (350 BCE)

Ideals or concepts are defined by physicalforms. The "soul" is just something associatedwith a physical body. "Idealism"

religiously motivated

al Ash'ari (1100)

Aquinas (1250)

Descartes (1650)

some modern views

preRennaissance, dualism served anexplanatory role, afterwards it become aphilosophical issue

Hume (1770)

Ryle (1949)

Huxley (1950)

Searle (1960)