Inventions Made Between 1750 and 1900

Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in Britain?

Success of overseas colonies

Masses of resources drawn fromempires as a result

Could produce goods cheaplyand sell for huge profit

Colonies provided new markets formanufactured goods

Success of the slave trade

Slaves bought in Africa and sold totobacco and cotton plantations inAmerica

Cotton and tobacco was in turnsent back to Britain to be sold

Changes to energy, machinery, and scale

Human and animal labour replaced by steam

Steam followed by gas and electricity

New inventions and techniques thatchanged the way coal and steel wereformed

Many small workshops employing few peopleturned into large factories employing hundreds ofpeople

Change to transport

Creation of railways and canals allowedmaterials to be moved quickly andeasily.

The agricultural revolution in Britain

New machines seed drilling machinewhich allowed seeds to be sownquickly

Invention of mechanical ploughs,reaping machines and threshingmachines

Farm workers became replaced bymachines had to move to cities forindustrial work

More efficient uses of land

Inclosure movement the use of fences andboundaries to divide properties amongst peoplerather than the use of common land

The growth and extent ofthe British Empire from 1750 to 1900

By 1900 Britain's empire covereda quarter of the world's landsurface

Two stages old colonial systemand new imperialism

From 1750 mid 19th C, main reason for empirebuilding was to improve trade. The aim was to setup colonies in the Americas and Asia to providegoods,

Towards end of nineteenth century the empire became popular withthe British people. Slavery abolished and colonies began to wantselfgovernment. Empire continued to grow into Africa (the 'whiteman's burden').

Raw materials Britain obtainedfrom its Empire and the places they came from

Wool from Australia

Sugar from Jamaica

Cotton and tea from India

Key inventors and their inventionshow did they affect transport and manufacturing?

Jethro Tull invents mechanicalseed drill c.1701

Newcomen engine invented 171012

Britain's first canal 1757

James Hargreaves inventsspinning jenny 1764

James Watt condensing steamengine 176375

World's first railway line in Britain 1830

How industrialisation contributed to thedevelopment of Britain and Australia

Coal, textiles, transport

Mining increased

Employment increased

Technology improved production

Textiles Wool became a boom industry inAustralia with the development of the Merinobreed

Factory system and new machines madethe production of textiles quicker, moreefficient

Railway and canals allowed for the movement ofgoods and people to be quicker and moreefficient

Population movementduring the Industrial Revolution

People moved from countryvillages to towns and cities

Wealthy people emigrated to other countries in theEmpire to try and build business (eg Australia) asfree settlers

Other people were forced to move to cities insearch for work agricultural revolution left manypeople without jobs

Changes to the way of life

With the move to towns and cities livingconditions got very crowded andunsanitary

Water was dirty, food wasincreasingly expensive and poorquality

eg. The River Thames was so polluted it could nolonger sustain any fish or plant life yet peoplestill bathed in it and drank from it!

Whole families of up to ten livedin a single room without runningwater

There was often no running water and sewagesystems were not invented until the early1900's.

Working conditions

There were very little safety considerations

Workers were considered an expendable source it was cheaper to replace a worker than installsafety devices

Children were forced to work fromthe age of three to help providefood

Children were often used in cotton factories toclean out clogged machines many lost limbs ortheir lives in the process

Women and children preferred as workers as theywere paid less and could get into tight spaces inmachinery

Those who fell asleep severely punished if theywere lucky enough to escape death by falling intoa machine

'The Poor Law'

Positive and negativeimpacts of the Industrial Revolution

Increased use of fossil fuels and increasedemission of greenhouse gases led to smog andair pollution

Increase in consumption and waste land fill

Increased awareness for sustainability

New technologies

Population growth

Water pollution

Urbanisation

Industry

Forest clearing

Shortterm and longtermimpacts of the Industrial Revolution

Global landscape growth and change

Transport

Communication

Social revolution