percentage of votes in election = seat number in parliament (10% = 10%)

voters, parties

germany Reichstag

gives many political parties a chance to be represented, no clear majority

NA

people voted for a party instead of specific candidates

when two or more parties cooperate to form a government because none of them can get a majority

number of parties

germany Reichstag

none of the political parties could form the majority

from 1919 to 1933, 20 coalition governments

two or more parties cooperate together

allowed the president to dissolve both houses of parliament and rule by decree for 6 months in 'time of emergency'

president

germany, Reichstag

to bypass the lengthy parliament decision making, time is of essence in times of emergency

NA

president can act without parliament approval

what

who

where

why

when

how

what

who

where

why

when

how

french and belgium occupy Ruhr, heavily industrialised (natural resources)area to get the payment in kind

1923 France and Belgium invade Ruhr in retaliation

more money printed, more the value decreased

wealthy and middle class

poor

WG lost support of middle class and lower middle class

People's negative reactions to wards the WG and Ebert for signing the TOV

TOV seen as Diktat, without Germany's inclusion in the discussion

army and civilians blamed the WG for signing the unreaosnable TOV

army felt stabbed in the back - wanted to continue fighting

germany

ebert and WG, civillians , army