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English Sentence Structure

Grammar C1 - Chapter 1 : Sentences1. What I learned Sentence definition and constituentsTypes of sentencesDefinition of key terms Definition of sentencesCompound sentence: 2 or more than 2 inde. clauses joined by:Simple sentence: only one clause/predicateEx : I like tea. TypesParts of sentence CLAUSE: A group of words contains a subject and a finite verbEx 1: Because I was late,/ they went without me.➔ (Independent) (dependent clauses)Ex 2: I was late or because I was late Dependent = subordinator + inde. clausePHRASE: A group of words does not contain a subject and a finite verbEx 1: I like her expensive new car.(N-phrase)Ex 2: George hates working in the garden.(V-ing)_a grammatically complete unit stands independently _contains an inde. clause with a finite verbSubording conjunction -> its inde.clausesEx: When it rained, we went inside Complex sentence: 1 or more de.clausesA semi-colonA colonA coordinating conjunctionConnecting adverbCorrelative ConjunctionEx: My dad is a vet ; my mom is a chef Ex: I don't want to leave : it's snowing outside[FANBOYS (for,and,nor,but,or,yet,so)]I am young;however,I'm tiredNominal clausesAdjectival clausesAdverbial clausesSentence definition and constituentsSentence patternsSentence structuresSentence typesSubject : noun, pronoun or noun phrasePredicate: part of the sentence Precedes the main verb Determines concord (agreement)Ex: My mother is beautiful. (noun) Verb: (action verbs and state verbs)Object: goes after (transitive) verb, affected by the action of the verb states/asserts something about the subject usually consists ofComplement: part of the sentence; completes the sentence Adverbial: functions like an adverb (a single-word adverbial)Sentence patternsNon-finite verb: not related to the subjectTransitive verbs: He kicked a small stoneIntransitive verbs: I can’t sleep.Transitive and intransitive: Miss Reynolds smiled and left the room.Finite verb: related to the subject in PERSON/NUMBER/TENSESInfinitive: She helps me clean my house V-ing: We are studying grammarPast participle: I had all my money stolen.Ex: We want She wants to leave. I wanted ⬇ ⬇ finite verb forms Non-finite verb formsDirect Object (DO)Indirect Object (IO)Linking verb: Anna became my best friend Subject complement: linked to a subject by be or a linking verb Object complement: linked to an object Adjuncts: part of the basic structure; modifying the verb/ time/place... Conjuncts: not part of the basic structure; connecting ideas Disjuncts: (sentential adverbs) showing attitude, evaluating Pattern 2Pattern 5Pattern 4Pattern 3Pattern 1*Note : if we want to check sentence pattern => we can change its position_ Have meaning : Pattern 4 _ Not have meaning : Other patterns She is studying advanced grammar well. S Vt Di. Object AdvThe goal is studying advanced grammar well. S state verb Sub. ComplementSentence Structure Statements (Declarative Sentences) Questions (Interrogative Sentences) Commands (Imperative Sentences) Exclamations (Exclamatory Sentences)describes a state of affairs, action, feeling or belief, etc. Ex: It’s very cold here in winter.An utterance which asks for an expression of fact, opinion, belief, etc.Ex: Can she come?tells other people what to doEx: Be seated, please.may not have the structure of a full sentence and shows strong emotionsEx : How clever she is!2.NOTE*one of the main parts of a sentence*expresses an action/occurrence/state of beingde. clauses combines with inde. clausesn; prep; v; adj; adv phrasesShe is a doctorWe made her the chairperson.We went to the concert yesterday evening.Altogether, it was a happy week.Naturally, I paid for my own meal.S + Vi Ex 1: The phone rang. S + Vi + particle (A) Ex 2: He came in. .S + Vi+ adverbial phrase (A) Ex 3: The phone rang loudly.S + Vl + SC SC can be: adj; noun; adj + noun ....S + Vt + DOS + Vt + DO + to/for + IO (can't change DO and IO position)[DO can be: noun/ pronoun/ reflexive pronoun..]Ex 1: My sister answered the phone.Ex 2: They introduced me to the professor.S + Vt + IO+ DOS + Vt + DO+ to/for + IO S + Vt + IO(can change DO and IO position)S + Vt + DO + OCThey gave him a watch.They gave a watch to him.They appointed him chairman.He drove me crazy.
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Khoa Anh Tran
A mind map about the grammar of sentences in english language. This mind map introduced sentence definition and constituents, different types of sentences, parts of sentence, sentence patterns, and sentence structure, etc. Use EdrawMind to easily create your own diagram!
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