Mindmap-Galerie Medicine - Dermatology and Venereology
This is a mind map about dermatology and venereology, including fungal skin diseases, Dermatitis, eczema, Urticaria, Drug rash, viral diseases, etc.
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Dermatology and Venereology 010 Other Skin Diseases
Dermatology and Venereology 009 Autoimmune Bullous Disease
Dermatology and Venereology 007 Erythema, papule, and scaly skin disease
Dermatology and Venereology 006 Drug Rash
Dermatology and Venereology 005 Allergic Skin Diseases
Dermatology and Venereology 004 Biogenic Skin Diseases Section 4
Dermatology and Venereology 004 Biogenic Skin Diseases Section 3
Dermatology and Venereology 004 Biogenic Skin Diseases Section 2
Dermatology and Venereology 004 Biogenic Skin Diseases Section 1
Dermatology and Venereology 002 Treatment of Dermatology and Venereology
Dermatology and Venereology
fungal skin disease
Divided by parts
tinea capitis
Yellow ringworm
Yellow spots, scabs, rat odor
Black spot ringworm
Black dot-like stump
white tinea
rhizome
ringworm
Tinea manuum and pedis
Blisters; scaly keratosis; maceration and erosion
Tinea cruris
Red papules and small blisters → scaly erythema → polycyclic
Onychomycosis
other
Malassezia folliculitis
Clogged hair follicles, acne breakouts, and pimples (similar to acne progression)
pityriasis versicolor
Sweat spots, abundant sebaceous glands, round dot-like macules, and pityriasis-like scales
candidiasis
Oral thrush (pseudomembranous leukoplakia)
itching scaly hair loss
Identify the cause - fungi → check for hyphae, spores, etc. to confirm the diagnosis
Treatment - Azoles (Itraconazole, Terbinafine)
Dermatitis, eczema
type
contact dermatitis
Acute (immediate, localized, mainly erythema → blisters, bullae, erosion); subacute; chronic
atopic dermatitis
Different age groups may have different predilection sites and symptoms, but most of them are characterized by eczema (acute or subacute in young people, chronic in old people)
eczema
Acute (papules, herpes, oozing, itching); subacute, chronic (dark redness, lichenification)
Treatment - typical therapies (glucocorticoids, antihistamines, cleansing and drying, etc.)
Urticaria
acute
Chronic
Inducible
Skin scratch resistance, cold contact resistance, sunlight resistance, etc.
wheal itching
Treatment - second-generation H1 receptor antagonists are preferred; anaphylactic shock management (Adr glucocorticoid)
drug rash
It must be skin damage caused by drugs entering the human body
Allergic reactions (haptens, etc.); non-allergic reactions (pharmacological effects, liver enzymes, etc.)
polymorphic skin lesions
Symptoms of other diseases
Urticarial type; measles type/scarlet fever type; eczema type; purpura type; exfoliative dermatitis/erythrodermic type
Fixed type
Localized round edematous red macules and patches with clear borders
Other types
Photosensitive type; drug hypersensitivity syndrome; acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis; epidermolysis bullosa
psoriasis
Classification
Ordinary type
Red papules/maculopapular rash → erythema multiforme covered with silvery white scales
Peeling off layer by layer: wax drop phenomenon (layers of scales) → film phenomenon (translucent film exposed) → Auspitz sign (spot-like bleeding)
Nail involvement, "thimble-like" depression
Arthropathy
Involves joints, the rest is the same as above
Pustular type
The most severe, pinpoint-like pustules, flaccid fever
Erythrodermic type
Diffuse skin flushing, infiltration and swelling, and large amounts of bran-like scales all over the body
Erythema, plaque, scaly
Treatment - no specific therapy (conventional drug relief)
viral diseases
VZV
chicken pox
Shingles
Distribution characteristics, neuralgia, eye-ear (facial paralysis, otalgia, triad of external auditory canal herpes-Ramsay-Hunt syndrome)-disseminated
Treatment-Vaccine prophylaxis, antiviral such as acyclovir, self-limiting
sexually transmitted diseases
syphilis
acquired syphilis
Phase I
Chancre (erythema → papule → induration → painless ulcer → cartilage-like hardness with exudation)
Phase II
Polymorphic skin lesions: syphilitic rash, flat condyloma, syphilitic alopecia, mucosal damage
Phase III
Gummy swelling (painless nodule → punch-out ulcer, gummy secretion)
congenital syphilis
Hutchinson's triad (Hutchinson's teeth, neurological deafness, stromal keratitis)
Treatment - Penicillin of choice
genital warts
Soft, pointed papules → pink cauliflower-like papules that can rupture
gonorrhea
Purulent manifestations: vaginal irritation, bladder irritation, etc.
Acetic acid white identification
skin adnexal disease
Acne
Divided into four stages: acne → inflammatory papules → pus papules and pustules → nodules, cysts and scars
Divided into four types: ordinary; aggregate; fulminant; drug-induced
Treatment - fat removal, cleansing, sterilization, anti-inflammation, hormone regulation
Seborrheic dermatitis; Androgenic alopecia; Alopecia areata; Rosacea
bullous dermatoses
pemphigus
Blisters, ulceration, erosion, and significant pain
Proliferative type
Papillary granulation proliferation secondary to erosive surface
Deciduous type
Prominent yellowish-brown, greasy scabs and scales
Erythema type
Scaly erythema in areas with abundant sebaceous glands (similar to lupus erythematosus)
Blisters Bullae Pain; Epidermolysis (acantholysis sign/Nissl sign positive)
Treatment-glucocorticoid as first-line medication