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Tropical Cyclones - Hurricanes Typhoons
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This mind map is about tropical cyclones - hurricanes typhoons. Tropical cyclones, often known as typhoons or hurricanes, are among the most dangerous meteorological events. They are severe circular storms that form over warm tropical waters and feature sustained wind speeds of more than 119 kilometers per hour as well as heavy precipitation.
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Outline
Tropical Cyclones
(Hurricanes & Typhoons)
Weather Systems that develop over warm oceans in the tropics
Diameter Range - 150 km to more than 1500 km
Characteristics
Strong winds
Low Central Pressure
Regions Found
Latitude of 8 and 15 degree North & South of equator
but not close to equator
Conditions Required
warm waters
presence of Coriolis effect
Coriolis effect: Strong pressure gradient causes air to move straight inwards to the cyclone. However Coriolos effect makes the air to move at angle instead
Northern Hemisphere
Anticlockwise
Souther Hemisphere
Clockwise
Rotary motion of cyclone
Hazards
Storm Surges
Sudden rise of sea level in which water is piled up against a coastline beyond normal conditions at high tide
Massive Flooding
Destroy Property
High Death tolls
Strong Winds
Damage/Destroy infrastructure
injure people
Torrential Rains
Large Amounts of rainfall that cause inland flooding
landslides
remove/crush buildings
destabilise slopes
Impacts
Physical
buildings
bridges
roads
Economic
incomes loss
damaged crops
repair cost
Damaged property
infrastructure
Food shortages
mitigate by food aid
Provision of food and related assistance such as food assistance programmes and subsidies
Social
Disruption
Water supply
Sanitation
Burst Sewage pipes
Contaminate water supplies
Hygience Facilities
disease spread
through insects
Displacement of people
Response
Emergency Action
Weather warnings
advisories to make
preparations
evacuate people
community cyclone shelters
Mitigation measures
Prediction & Warning
analysing long term climate records
indicate frequency
not accurate
computer modelling
not accurate
Predictions are done at a particular point in time and weather conditions change quickly
Land Use control
Coastal Plain management
Areas along the coast are vulnerable to storm surges
Protected zones
discourage devt by high taxes
Floodplain management
Low Lying area that is near to river or the coast
MasterPlan
reduce potential
flood damamge
New devt
not prone to flood
evacuation plans
categorization
residents HIGHEST risk
residents HIGH risk
residents MODERATE risk
Effective implementation
requires
time
manpower
Reducing vulnerability of infrastructure
buildings resistant to
wind and water
protective barriers such as
river embankments
utility lines
power
telecommunication
water supply networks
underground
avoid damage by
wind / storm surges
