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Ecology - Populations NCERT

POPULATIONSPopulation AttributesPopulation ecologyLinks ecology to pop genetics and evolutionNatural selectionoperates at this levelBirth & death ratesper capita ratesoffspring/ individual/ yearchange in no./ no. of individualsSex ratioMales: FemalesAge groupsAge pyramidsAge distribution plotted w/ populationShapes reflect growth statusExpanding - TriangularStable - Bell shapeDeclining - Urn shapePopulation sizeExplainsStatus of organismsOutcome of competitionImpact of predatorRange<10 Siberian cranes @Bharatpur in a yearMilliions Chlamydomonas in a pondPopulation density N(Measure)Total numbergenerally most appropriateBiomass or Percent coverBanyan tree, 200 Parthenium histophorusRelative densitiesNo. of fish caught/ trap Indirect EstimationTiger census in NPPug marks & fecal pelletsPopulation GrowthFactorsFood availabilityPredation pressureAdverse effectsProcessesNatality BMortality DImmigration IEmigration EN(t+1) = N(t) +[(B+I)-(D+E)]Exponential Growth ModelUnlimited resourcesUnimpeded growthNo checksEnormous populationFollowed by crashJ shapeDensity independentdN/dt = (b-d)xN = rNN laglogcrashr valueflour beetle 0.12norway rat 0.0151981 Indians 0.02052021 Indians 0.0103N(t) = N(o) e^rtAphids, Algal bloomsLogistic Growth ModelLimited resourcesSurvival of fittestS shape - sigmoidDensity dependentNlag/ establishinglog/ exponentialdeaccelerationstabilizing/ asymptoteVerhulst-Pearl Logistic GrowthdN/dt = rN (K-N/K)K- carrying capacity(K-N/K) - environmental resistanceLife History VariationEvolutionto maximise rDarwinian fitnessmost efficient reproductive strategyin relation to constraintsimp area of researchOne-time breedersPacific Salmon, BambooMany-time breedersAves, MammalsMany small sized offspringOysters, Pelagic fishesFew large offspringBirds, Mammals
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author Zainab Irfan
This Mind Map provides a overview of population ecology. Population ecology is the study of the factors influencing the number and distribution of animal and plant populations.The study of population dynamics and growth, sometimes known as demography, has contributed significantly to population ecology and has its deepest historical origins. The Mind Map briefly covers the attributes of population, the factors, processes, and models of population growth, and life history variation. Visit EdrawMind Gallary to learn more!
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