This Mind Map provides a overview of population ecology. Population ecology is the study of the factors influencing the number and distribution of animal and plant populations.The study of population dynamics and growth, sometimes known as demography, has contributed significantly to population ecology and has its deepest historical origins. The Mind Map briefly covers the attributes of population, the factors, processes, and models of population growth, and life history variation. Visit EdrawMind Gallary to learn more!
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POPULATIONS
Population Attributes
Population ecology
Links ecology to pop genetics and evolution
Natural selection
operates at this level
Birth & death rates
per capita rates
offspring/ individual/ year
change in no./ no. of individuals
Sex ratio
Males: Females
Age groups
Age pyramids
Age distribution plotted w/ population
Shapes reflect growth status
Expanding - Triangular
Stable - Bell shape
Declining - Urn shape
Population size
Explains
Status of organisms
Outcome of competition
Impact of predator
Range
<10 Siberian cranes @Bharatpur in a year
Milliions Chlamydomonas in a pond
Population density N
(Measure)
Total number
generally most appropriate
Biomass or Percent cover
Banyan tree, 200 Parthenium histophorus
Relative densities
No. of fish caught/ trap
Indirect Estimation
Tiger census in NP
Pug marks & fecal pellets
Population Growth
Factors
Food availability
Predation pressure
Adverse effects
Processes
Natality B
Mortality D
Immigration I
Emigration E
N(t+1) = N(t) +[(B+I)-(D+E)]
Exponential Growth Model
Unlimited resources
Unimpeded growth
No checks
Enormous population
Followed by crash
J shape
Density independent
dN/dt = (b-d)xN = rN
N
lag
log
crash
r value
flour beetle 0.12
norway rat 0.015
1981 Indians 0.0205
2021 Indians 0.0103
N(t) = N(o) e^rt
Aphids, Algal blooms
Logistic Growth Model
Limited resources
Survival of fittest
S shape - sigmoid
Density dependent
N
lag/ establishing
log/ exponential
deacceleration
stabilizing/ asymptote
Verhulst-Pearl Logistic Growth
dN/dt = rN (K-N/K)
K- carrying capacity
(K-N/K) - environmental resistance
Life History Variation
Evolution
to maximise r
Darwinian fitness
most efficient reproductive strategy
in relation to constraints
imp area of research
One-time breeders
Pacific Salmon, Bamboo
Many-time breeders
Aves, Mammals
Many small sized offspring
Oysters, Pelagic fishes
Few large offspring
Birds, Mammals
Ecology - Populations NCERT
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POPULATIONS
Population Attributes
Population ecology
Links ecology to pop genetics and evolution
Natural selection
operates at this level
Birth & death rates
per capita rates
offspring/ individual/ year
change in no./ no. of individuals
Sex ratio
Males: Females
Age groups
Age pyramids
Age distribution plotted w/ population
Shapes reflect growth status
Expanding - Triangular
Stable - Bell shape
Declining - Urn shape
Population size
Explains
Status of organisms
Outcome of competition
Impact of predator
Range
<10 Siberian cranes @Bharatpur in a year
Milliions Chlamydomonas in a pond
Population density N
(Measure)
Total number
generally most appropriate
Biomass or Percent cover
Banyan tree, 200 Parthenium histophorus
Relative densities
No. of fish caught/ trap
Indirect Estimation
Tiger census in NP
Pug marks & fecal pellets
Population Growth
Factors
Food availability
Predation pressure
Adverse effects
Processes
Natality B
Mortality D
Immigration I
Emigration E
N(t+1) = N(t) +[(B+I)-(D+E)]
Exponential Growth Model
Unlimited resources
Unimpeded growth
No checks
Enormous population
Followed by crash
J shape
Density independent
dN/dt = (b-d)xN = rN
N
lag
log
crash
r value
flour beetle 0.12
norway rat 0.015
1981 Indians 0.0205
2021 Indians 0.0103
N(t) = N(o) e^rt
Aphids, Algal blooms
Logistic Growth Model
Limited resources
Survival of fittest
S shape - sigmoid
Density dependent
N
lag/ establishing
log/ exponential
deacceleration
stabilizing/ asymptote
Verhulst-Pearl Logistic Growth
dN/dt = rN (K-N/K)
K- carrying capacity
(K-N/K) - environmental resistance
Life History Variation
Evolution
to maximise r
Darwinian fitness
most efficient reproductive strategy
in relation to constraints
imp area of research
One-time breeders
Pacific Salmon, Bamboo
Many-time breeders
Aves, Mammals
Many small sized offspring
Oysters, Pelagic fishes
Few large offspring
Birds, Mammals
Mind Map
Outline
1
Populations
2
Population Interactions
1
Populations
2
Population Interactions
This work was published by EdrawMind user Zainab Irfan and does not
represent the position of Edraw Software.