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Giant Covalent Bonding
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This mindmap is about Giant covalent bonding. It has mapped out information on the allotrpoic forms of carbon, examples of them and some fun facts based off the newly discovered 'buckyballs'.
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Giant Covalent Bonding
Allotropic forms of carbon
an element is said to exhibit allotropy if
it occurs in 2 or more forms
Diamond
made up of only carbon atoms
every carbon atom is bonded to
4 other crabon atoms by strong covalent bonds
giant covalent structure
High melting point
large amount of energy required to
break the strong covalent bonds between carbon atoms
in the giant molecular structure
non - conductor of electricity
no delocalised electrons as all valence
electrons of each carbon atoms are used
for covalent tbonding
Graphite
found in sand
consists of seperate layers of carbon atoms
carbon atoms are arranged in regular hexagons
in flat parallel layers
carbon forms strong covalent bonds with
3 other carbon atoms
forms rings of 6 carbon atoms which are
joined together to for 2 - dimensional layers
no strong bonding in between layers
they are easily seperable from each other
held together by weak forces of attraction
so the layers slide over
each other easily when
a force is applied
accounts for softness and
lubricating power of graphite
physical properties
high melting and boiling points
forces of attraction between layers are weak
but a lot of energy is still needed to
break the strong covalent bonds between
carbon atoms within layers
this can cause a change of state
Good conductor of electricity
each carbon atom has 1 valence electron
that isn't used to form covalent bonds
delocalised electrons move freely
along layers from one C.A. to another
when graphite is connected to a circuit
this causes an electric current to flow,
causing graphite to conduct electricity
Soft and slippery
when a force is applied
weak forces of attraction between
the layers of carbon atoms are easily overcome
so layers can easily slide over one another
Silicon dioxide
giant covalent structure
structure similar to diamond
similar physical properties
used to produce glass
each silicon atom is bonded
to 4 oxygen atoms
each oxygen atom is bonded
to 2 oxygen atoms
atoms are held together by strong covalent bonds
high melting points
Fun facts
Fullerene
a molecule made up of carbon atoms
arranged in the form of a
hollow sphere
called 'buckyballs'
cylinder
called 'carbon nanotubes'
amorphous forms of carbon
most reactive form of carbon
does not have any crystalline structure
burns relatively easily in air
serving as a fuel
has structural features of graphite
has sheets and layers
atomic structure is irregular
