Mind Map Gallery Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

This mindmap is about Reproduction in flowering plants. It contains the following content: - characteristics of cross pollinated and wind pollinated flowers - advantages and disadvantages of self and cross pollination - functions of various parts in a monocotyledonous flower and what happens to those parts after fertilization - the process of pollination - the process of fertilization

Edited at 2022-08-09 14:33:09

lnsprem

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

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Outline

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

self - pollination

advantages

faster

more likely to occur

disadvantages

lesser genetic variation, less immune to diseases

harmful recessive alleles may be expressed in the offspring

how it is prevented

male and female parts mature at different times

cross - pollination

advantages

more genetic variation, offspring are more resistant to diseases

lower probability of harmful recessive alleles being expressed in offspring

disadvantages

dependent on external factors that are needed

less likely to occur

wind - pollinated

have a feathery stigma that can catch pollen grains floating in the air

stigma and style protruding out of the flower

pendulous

smooth, light pollen grains

to be easily carried away by the wind

Insect pollination

stigma and style do not protrude out of the flower

the stigma is swollen and sticky

rough pollen grains

to stick to the insects' hairy bodies

pollination

mature pollen grains land on a mature stigma

the pollen grain then germinates on the stigma due to the substance secreted by it

the pollen grain then produces a pollen tube

Fertilization

the pollen tube is then directed by the pollen tube nucleus to grow downwards towards the ovule

generative nucleus in the pollen tube divides into 2 by mitosis, forming the 2 male gametes

both are haploid in nature

enzymes are secreted to digest the stigma and style

the pollen tube grows downwards, towards the ovule and enters the ovule through the micropyle

The pollen tube bursts open and releases the 2 male gametes

one of them is attracted to the egg cell due to the smell produced by the synergids

fuses with the haploid egg cell 2 form diploid embryo

the other male gamete fuses with the diploid central nucleus containing the 2 polar nuclei

to form the triploid endosperm nucleus, which develops to form the endosperm in the fruit. The endosperm provides food for the fruit

Parts of a monocotyledonous flower

carpels

stigma

sticky and swollen structure that receives pollen grains during pollination

withered or modified to help in fruit dispersal after fertilization

style

a stalk that holds up the stigma

withered or modified to help in fruit dispersal after fertilization

ovary

where fertilization occurs

contains ovules that will develop into seeds after fertilization

develops into fruit after fertilization

ovary wall

protective layers around the ovary

develops into the fruit wall after fertilization

ovules

develop into seeds after fertilization

stamens

anther

contains pollen sacs which contain pollen grains

contains vascular bundle

withered or modified to help in fruit dispersal after fertilization

filament

supports the anther

positions anther in a suitable position for dispersal of pollen grains

withered or modified to help in fruit dispersal after fertilization

sepals

modified green leaves that protect the flower bud and petals

together they make up the calyx

withered or modified to help in fruit dispersal after fertilization

petals

modified leaves

together they make up the corolla

brightly coloured in insect pollinated flowers; small or absent for wind pollinated ones

withered or modified to help in fruit dispersal after fertilization

recepTacle

enlarged end of flower stalk

bears other parts of the flower

pedicel

holds the flower in proper position