Mind Map Gallery Pneumonia Mind Map Nursing

Pneumonia Mind Map Nursing

This pneumonia mind map nursing depicts the pneumonia treatment structure. Although most people with pneumonia respond well to treatment, pneumonia can be extremely serious and even fatal. Complications are more likely if you are an older adult with a weakened immune system or have a serious medical condition including diabetes or cirrhosis. Pneumonia is a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection of one or both lungs. There are over thirty different types of pneumonia, and they are classified according to the cause. Pneumonia is organized into three types: bacterial, viral, and mycoplasma pneumonia. The most common symptom of pneumonia is a cough that produces green, yellow, or bloody mucus. Other symptoms include fever, shaking, chills, and shortness of breath.

Edited at 2022-08-23 05:41:28

Community Helper

Pneumonia Mind Map Nursing

Community Helper

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Outline

Pneumonia

Pathophysiology

1. Acute infirammaton of lower lung parenchyma (aiveill andrespratory bronchioies, aspration, inhaiation, or contaminatedrespratory equipment

2. Classified viral versus bacterial,community-acquired versus hospital-acquiredatypical, or pneumocystis

3. Causative agent can be infectious (bacteria,viruses, fungi, and other microbes) ornoninfectious (aspirated or inhaled substances)

4. Most common organism for both community-acquired and hospital-acquired pneumonia isthe Gram-positive bacteria Streptococuspneumoniae

5. Other common organisms associated withcommunity-acquired pneumonia in-cludeKlebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonasaeruginosa. Escherichia con, haemophilusinfluenzae, and other influenzae viruses

6. Spread of microbes in alveoli activatesinflammatory and immune response

7. Antigen-antibody response damages mucousmembranes of bronchioles and alveoli resultingin edema

8. Microbe cellular debris and exudate fillalveoli and can impair gas exchange

Assessment

1. Viral

a. Fever: low-grade

b. Cough: nonproductive

C. White blood cell count: normal to lowelevation

d. Chest X-ray: minimal changes evident

e. Clinical course: less severe than pneumoniaof bacterial origing=

2. Bacterial

a. Fever: high

b. Cough: Productive

C. White blood cell count: high elevation

d. Chest x-ray: obvious infiltrates

e. Clinical course: more severe than pneumoniaof viral origin

Therapeutic management

1. Antibiotic terapy, analgesics. antipyretics

2. Oxygen therapy to treat hypoxemia, suctioningas necessary

3.Maintain patent airway: monitor respiratory andoxygenation status

4. Provide supplemental oxygen as indicated

5. Be prepared to initiate mechanical ventilatorysupport

6. Provide nutritional support and fluids(2 litersper 24 hours or greater if no trainclications) viaappropriate route

7. Provide adeuate opportunities for physical rest

8. For all hospitalized Clients, take measures toprevent Pneumonia

8.1 Identify clinents at high risk for pneumonia

8.2 Maintain appropriate infection control measures

8.3 Maintain adequate nutrition

8.4 Initiate aspiration precautions for clients at risk(ex: stroke)

8.5 Encourage activity and mobility as soon asfeasible

9. Macrolides: erythromycin, axithromycin;penicillin G: aminoglycosides or cephalosporins

10. Alternatives: Augmentin: doxycycline; Bactrim;Levaquin

11. Medication therapy: antibiotics or otherantimicrobials as indicated, analgesics,antipyretics

Blood Gasmanifestations

Respirations: Most PNA pts have hypoxemiaand respirator alkalosisHyperventilation = breathing too fast leadsto...Blowing off all your CO2 (acid loss) leads to...Acute alkalosis (left shift)Less intake of 02 combined with...Increased affinity for 02 = less tissueperfusion....Reduced 02. Increased affinity leads tohypoxemiaLess 02 starts hypotension, vasodilation leadsto....Lack of 02 to brain = confusion, headache,blurred vision leads toLow 02 to myocardium = bradycardia,arrhythmias = ischemia, coma

Interventions: VentsIncrease FiO2 (21% on RA) to obtain PO2 (ABG80-100 about 4-5 times FiO2)At 100% 02 and ratio of "21%" to "80 to 100%"PO2 should be 400-500!Increase minute ventilation to remove excessCO2 and increase TV to clear more CO2(16 BPM x TV 400 cc = 6400CC)High levels of FiO2 > 60% oxygen is consideredtoxic and causes fibrotic lung damageTrade PEEP for 02 reducing the amount ofoxygen given on a ventUse pressure-limited ventilation. Pressurecontrolled or Pressure support.

Impaired Gas Exchange

Signs and Symptoms

DyspneaDecreased PaO2Increased PaCO2CyanosisTachypneaDecreased activity toleranceRestlessnessDisorientation or confusion in older adults,functional decline with or without feverLoss of appetiteHypotensionLung conslidationcrackles

Nursing Interventions

Asscs repirations: note quality, rate, rhythm, depth: are of seecounrymodules

Assess VS charges

Assess skin color for cyarbis

Assess chages in ceienftion and increating resfeoree

Assess ABC and 02 sal

Mxintain 02. sveial high <>in COPD ptx

Pacc activies to reduce exygen need fstigue

Articipate need for intutation and needarical verlation if curaliftionvercering

Outcome

PI will mairtain eqtimal gas cncharge as cvidenceal eviddenceal repinstionbetween 12-24 min. ABCs WNI (specify ranges here); and no furtherreduction in mermal statex stste stabel ABG

Ineffective Airway Clearace

Signs and Symptoms

Adventitious lung soundscoughDyspneashortness of breathInfiltrates in C XrayPurulent Sputum

Nursing Interventions

Assess respiratory statusAssess CoughObserve sputum for color, amount,consistencyTeach re: positioning, coughing and deepbreathingSuction oropharynx prnAssist with ISTeach re: Pacing activitiesConsilt RT CPT and nebulizertreatments

Infection

Intervertions

Acess Vs tamp flactations Asseses purbo on Amess lung roundsAsses WRC countAsses hylaties Asses effecttveness of antibtacischect X ray Asses WBC countadminister abx administer antyhypyreticsadminister OZ and bronchodlation asneeded

Signs and Symptoms

farverincreated WBCs positive aputum culturetechycardechillachange in character of sputum