MindMap Gallery Addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones (2)-1
The addition reaction of aldehydes and ketones can proceed under different conditions, resulting in different products. These reactions mainly depend on conditions such as the reagents used, temperature and pressure.
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This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
Aldehyde and ketone addition reaction (2)
The structure of aldehydes and ketones
Conformations of Aldehydes and Ketones
Physical Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones
Reaction of aldehydes and ketones
Nucleophilic addition of carbonyl groups
Acid catalysis and base catalysis mechanism
Addition to carbon-containing nucleophiles
Added to format reagent
Nucleophilic addition of carbonyl groups
enolization reaction
Large steric hindrance and format reagent without beta-H
reduction reaction
Large steric hindrance and format reagent have beta-H
Addition with organolithium reagent
Enolization reaction mechanism
Reduction reaction mechanism
Addition with hydrocyanic acid
Synthesis of alpha-hydroxynitrile
Strecker reaction
Synthetic alpha-amino acids
Addition to acetylide
Synthesis of conjugated polyenes such as isoprene
Reacts with nitrogen-containing nucleophiles (reversible reaction)
Nucleophilic addition to amines
Reaction with secondary amines (catalyzed by weak acid)
enamine
Reaction with primary amine (catalyzed by weak acid)
Imine (Schiff base)
Aromatic imines can be separated
Nucleophilic addition to amine derivatives
Hydroxylamine
aldehyde/ketoxime
Beckmann rearrangement E configuration is dominant (stability of resonance structure)
Hydrolysis can produce amides and carboxylic acids A method of synthesizing amides
hydrazine
Aldehyde/ketone hydrazone
semicarbazide
Aldehyde/Keto Semicarbazone
Addition to oxygenated nucleophiles
Addition to water
Gediol
Stability is related to air resistance and electronic effects of groups
Addition to alcohol
Hemiacetal/ketone
Unstable to both acids and alkalis
Acetal/ketone
Unstable to acid, stable to alkali
Can be used to protect carbonyl groups
Can be used to protect hydroxyl groups
Better method: acid-catalyzed reaction of orthoformates and ketones
Addition to sulfur-containing nucleophiles
Addition with sodium bisulfite
Reversible reaction
Can be used for separation and purification
Largely affected by steric hindrance
Some ketones cannot react
reaction with thiols
Not a reversible reaction
Can be restored with Raney Ni
Reaction with mercury chloride and mercury oxide
Stereoselectivity of the reaction
Cram Rule
Flkin-Anh model
regioselectivity of reaction