Psychology Chapter 4 Memory

This is a mind map about memory in Chapter 4 of Psychology, including an overview of memory, the rules of memory, Memory and teaching, etc.

Edited at 2023-12-01 23:16:39

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Psychology Chapter 4 Memory

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Outline

memory

memory overview

Definition: The psychological process by which individuals accumulate and preserve individual experiences in their minds.

type

Divided by content: image, logic, emotion, movement, situation, semantics

Dividing based on consciousness participation: explicit and implicit

Divided by information processing and storage content: statements and procedures

Divided by storage time: instantaneous, short-term and long-term

Representation: The image of something perceived that is not in front of you but reappears in your mind.

type

According to the degree of creativity: memory representation and imagination representation

According to perceptual characteristics: visual representation, auditory representation, etc.

By generality: individual representations and general representations

Function: It is a bridge for the transition from perceptual knowledge to rational knowledge; it is a reference for correctly identifying external things; it can regulate and control the movement of the body

Qualities of memory: agility, persistence, accuracy (core qualities), readiness

rules of memory

The process of memory: remembering, retaining and forgetting, recalling and recognizing

Categories of memory: unconscious memory, conscious memory, mechanical memory, and meaningful memory

Factors that affect the effect of memorization: 1. The purpose of memorization; 2. Understanding of the material; 3. The quantity of the material; 4. The nature of the material; 5. The subject's emotion; 6. The method of memorization (p57)

Retention: the process of storing and consolidating experienced things in the mind (quantitative and qualitative changes)

Forgetting: The material that has been recorded cannot be recalled or recognized, or a wrong recall or recognition occurs (temporary forgetting and permanent forgetting)

Rule: Ebbinghaus’s forgetting curve (more content is forgotten first and then less, and the speed of forgetting is first faster and then slower)

Influencing factors: 1. The nature and quantity of learning materials 2. The serial position and learning level of memorizing materials 3. The permanence and importance of the memory task 4. Memorizing methods 5. Time factors 6. Emotion and motivation

Reasons: Decline theory, interference theory, repression theory, retrieval difficulty theory, assimilation theory

Recognition: refers to the psychological process in which people can still recognize something they have perceived, thought or experienced when it is presented again.

Recollection: The process by which images or concepts of things people have experienced in the past reappear in people's minds.

Association: the mental activity of thinking from one thing to another

memory and teaching

How to review reasonably according to the rules of forgetting (short answer has been tested on p62)

Methods to improve memory: 1. Clarify the purpose of memory and enhance learning initiative 2. Understand the meaning of learning materials 3. Process the materials carefully to promote understanding of knowledge 4. Use chunked learning strategies to rationally organize learning materials 5. Apply Multiple information encoding methods improve the quality of information processing. 6. Pay attention to review methods.