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MindMap Gallery Medicine - Care of Pregnant Women

Medicine - Care of Pregnant Women

A mind map about the care of pregnant women, the formation and function of fetal appendages, fetal appendages: placenta, fetal membranes, umbilical cord and amniotic fluid, etc.

Edited at 2023-11-28 23:28:30

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Medicine - Care of Pregnant Women

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Care for women during pregnancy

pregnancy care

Pregnancy: Counting from the 1st day of the last menstrual period, the gestation period is approximately 40 weeks (280 days)

Fertilization: Within 12 hours after ovulation, usually no more than 24 hours

Implantation of fertilized egg: starts on 6-7 days after fertilization and ends on 10-12 days Implantation site: anterior wall, posterior wall, lateral wall of the uterus

Implantation conditions

1.Zona pellucida disappears

2. The blastocyst trophoblast differentiates into syncytiotrophoblast cells

3. The blastocyst and endometrium develop synchronously and coordinate their functions

4. Pregnant women have enough estrogen and progesterone in their bodies

The uterus has a very short window period to allow the fertilized egg to implant, usually on the 20th-24th day of the menstrual cycle.

Formation and function of fetal appendages

Fetal appendages: placenta, fetal membranes, umbilical cord and amniotic fluid

Placenta: formed around the end of 12th week of pregnancy

structure

Full-term placenta is thick in the middle and thin at the edge

Composed of amnion, chorion foliaceus, and decidua basalis

Divided into fetal surface (smooth, with the umbilical cord in the center or slightly to the side) and maternal surface (rough)

Function

gas exchange

Nutrient supply

Excrete fetal metabolites

defense

Various viruses can invade the fetus through the placenta

IgG in the mother can pass through the placenta, allowing the fetus to obtain antibodies

synthesis and immunity

Synthesize various hormones and enzymes

1. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

It can be measured about 10 days after fertilization.

Diagnosing early pregnancy

Secretion reaches its peak at 8-10 weeks of pregnancy

Nutritional corpus luteum to maintain early pregnancy

2. Human placental lactogen (hPL): Promotes mammary gland alveolar development and protein synthesis

3. Estrogen and progesterone: synthesized by the placenta after the 8th to 10th week of pregnancy

Fetal membranes: chorion (outer layer), amniotic membrane (inner layer)

umbilical cord

Umbilical cord length at term is 30-100cm

One umbilical vein and two umbilical arteries

amniotic fluid

Early pregnancy: maternal serum; late pregnancy: fetal urine is an important source of amniotic fluid

It reaches the peak at 38 weeks of pregnancy and can reach 1000ml, and normal term is about 800ml.

Colorless and clear liquid in early pregnancy; amniotic fluid at term is slightly turbid and opaque

Neutral or weakly alkaline, ph7.2; protects mother and fetus