MindMap Gallery Experimental Techniques of Mass Spectrometry
This mind map provides a detailed description of experimental techniques in mass spectrometry, including ionization techniques such as electron impact ionization and chemical ionization, the working principles of mass analyzers like sector field mass spectrometer and quadrupole mass spectrometer, and sample introduction systems such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Edited at 2024-12-10 01:50:55In the introduction section, elastin is a protein that plays a crucial role in the body, endowing tissues with elasticity and toughness. Its properties include high elasticity and good ductility. Elastin has a wide range of sources and is commonly found in animal connective tissues such as skin and blood vessels. When using elastin in products, the amount and method of addition should be determined based on the characteristics of the product. It has many uses and can be added to skincare products to enhance skin elasticity and reduce wrinkles; Improving food texture and enhancing taste in the food industry; In the medical field, it can be used to make elastic scaffolds such as artificial blood vessels, providing support for tissue repair. Reasonable use can play its unique value.
This document aims to guide the proper use of proteins. Proteins are the fundamental substances that make up life and are essential for maintaining normal physiological functions in the body, with a wide variety of types. When using protein, daily diet is an important source, such as meat, eggs, etc., which are rich in high-quality protein. Measuring protein intake can be done using professional tools or methods to ensure that the intake meets the body's needs. When mixing protein powder, it should be prepared according to the recommended ratio, and the water temperature should not be too high to avoid damaging the protein activity. Different groups of people have different protein requirements, such as athletes and fitness enthusiasts who can increase their intake appropriately to meet the needs of body repair and muscle growth.
Introduction to Unsaturated Polyester Resin: It is an important thermosetting resin with various excellent properties. It has a wide range of applications and is used in the construction industry to produce fiberglass products such as doors, windows, decorative panels, etc; Used in the automotive industry for manufacturing body components. The advantages of use include simple molding process, low cost, and chemical corrosion resistance. However, it also faces challenges and limitations, such as relatively poor heat resistance and susceptibility to aging. During use, corresponding protective measures should be taken according to specific application scenarios, such as adding heat-resistant agents, antioxidants, etc., to extend their service life and fully leverage their advantages.
In the introduction section, elastin is a protein that plays a crucial role in the body, endowing tissues with elasticity and toughness. Its properties include high elasticity and good ductility. Elastin has a wide range of sources and is commonly found in animal connective tissues such as skin and blood vessels. When using elastin in products, the amount and method of addition should be determined based on the characteristics of the product. It has many uses and can be added to skincare products to enhance skin elasticity and reduce wrinkles; Improving food texture and enhancing taste in the food industry; In the medical field, it can be used to make elastic scaffolds such as artificial blood vessels, providing support for tissue repair. Reasonable use can play its unique value.
This document aims to guide the proper use of proteins. Proteins are the fundamental substances that make up life and are essential for maintaining normal physiological functions in the body, with a wide variety of types. When using protein, daily diet is an important source, such as meat, eggs, etc., which are rich in high-quality protein. Measuring protein intake can be done using professional tools or methods to ensure that the intake meets the body's needs. When mixing protein powder, it should be prepared according to the recommended ratio, and the water temperature should not be too high to avoid damaging the protein activity. Different groups of people have different protein requirements, such as athletes and fitness enthusiasts who can increase their intake appropriately to meet the needs of body repair and muscle growth.
Introduction to Unsaturated Polyester Resin: It is an important thermosetting resin with various excellent properties. It has a wide range of applications and is used in the construction industry to produce fiberglass products such as doors, windows, decorative panels, etc; Used in the automotive industry for manufacturing body components. The advantages of use include simple molding process, low cost, and chemical corrosion resistance. However, it also faces challenges and limitations, such as relatively poor heat resistance and susceptibility to aging. During use, corresponding protective measures should be taken according to specific application scenarios, such as adding heat-resistant agents, antioxidants, etc., to extend their service life and fully leverage their advantages.
Experimental Techniques of Mass Spectrometry
Introduction to Mass Spectrometry
Definition and Basic Principles
Measurement of masstocharge ratio (m/z)
Separation of ions based on their mass
Historical Development
Early mass spectrometers
Technological advancements
Ionization Techniques
Electron Ionization (EI)
Gasphase ionization by electron bombardment
Fragmentation patterns for structural analysis
Chemical Ionization (CI)
Soft ionization method
Gasphase reactions with reagent ions
Electrospray Ionization (ESI)
Solutionphase ionization
Formation of multiply charged ions
MatrixAssisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI)
Soft ionization for large biomolecules
Use of matrix to absorb laser energy
Desorption Electrospray Ionization (DESI)
Ambient ionization technique
Analyte desorption and ionization in open air
Mass Analyzers
Magnetic Sector
Mass separation by magnetic field
Single or double focusing
Quadrupole Mass Filter
Radiofrequency and DC fields for mass selection
Stability of ion trajectories
TimeofFlight (TOF)
Measurement of ion flight time
Reflectron TOF for improved resolution
Ion Trap
Threedimensional quadrupole field
Sequential ejection of ions for mass analysis
Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FTICR)
High resolution and mass accuracy
Cyclotron motion of ions in a magnetic field
Detectors
Electron Multiplier
Detection of ions by secondary electron emission
Amplification of ion signals
Faraday Cup
Direct measurement of ion current
High sensitivity for low ion flux
Photomultiplier Tube
Detection of photons from iontophoton conversion
Used in some MALDI applications
Sample Introduction Systems
Direct Insertion Probe (DIP)
Sample introduction into the ion source
Heating for vaporization of solids or liquids
Gas Chromatography (GC)
Separation of volatile compounds
Coupling with MS for compound identification
Liquid Chromatography (LC)
Separation of nonvolatile or thermally labile compounds
Interface with MS using ESI or APCI
Desorption/Ionization on Porous Silicon (DIOS)
Sample deposition on porous silicon surface
Laser desorption/ionization for analysis
Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS)
CollisionInduced Dissociation (CID)
Fragmentation of ions in the gas phase
Structural elucidation of compounds
Electron Capture Dissociation (ECD)
Fragmentation of multiply charged ions
Preservation of posttranslational modifications
Electron Transfer Dissociation (ETD)
Fragmentation of large biomolecules
Alternative to CID for peptide sequencing
Applications of Mass Spectrometry
Proteomics
Identification and quantification of proteins
Posttranslational modification analysis
Metabolomics
Global analysis of metabolites
Biomarker discovery
Environmental Analysis
Detection of pollutants and contaminants
Monitoring of environmental samples
Pharmaceutical Industry
Drug discovery and development
Quality control and impurity profiling
Forensic Science
Identification of unknown substances
Comparison of samples from crime scenes