Many factors inside and outside the organization will have different degrees of impact on the operation of the organization, but it is difficult for decision makers to collect all information that reflects these factors.

The ability of decision makers to utilize the limited information collected is also limited

The future is uncertain

Decision makers must have a full grasp of information about the decision-making environment

Decision makers should be fully aware of the situation of alternatives

Decision makers use a reasonable hierarchy to ensure the effective execution of commands

The purpose of decision-makers to make decisions is always to enable the organization to obtain the greatest economic benefits.

Ignore non-economic factors

Man is limited rationality

Decision makers are susceptible to perceptual bias in identifying and discovering problems

The rationality of decision makers' choices is relative

Compared with economic interests, decision makers' attitude towards risks plays a more important role in decision-making.

Decision makers often only seek satisfactory results in decision-making, but are not willing to work hard to find the best solution.

Decision-making activities involving major issues involving organizational goals and strategic planning

Global

Long-term

Strategic

Acquisition and mergers, determination of senior manager candidates, organizational reform, listing

Also known as management decision, it refers to a decision to reasonably allocate the organization's human resources, funds, materials and other resources and change the business structure of the organization.

Local

Medium term

Tactical

Formulate marketing plans, product development plans, machine and equipment updates, employee recruitment and salary levels, etc.

Also known as execution decision making, it involves specific decision-making activities in general management and handling daily business in an organization

Trivial

Short-term

Daily

Production progress arrangement, inventory control, advertising design, etc.

Refers to the decision-making conditions that are known, and each solution has only one definite conclusion. From which, the decision can be made that can achieve the desired results after being put into practice.

Know the result, know the probability

Refers to a decision that a plan will have different results in different natural states, and decision makers can only make decisions based on the probability that several different natural states may occur.

Know the probability, not the result

Refers to decision-makers making decisions when the objective natural state is completely unsure

Don't know the result or the probability

It refers to the decisions made by an organization on certain important issues through various committees or leadership bodies and absorbing relevant personnel from its affiliated institutions in accordance with certain procedures and methods.

Aggregate information on a larger scale, communicate better, make better decisions, get more recognition, and formulate more alternatives

Spend more time, unclear responsibilities, and easy to develop group thinking

It is the decision makers who use the information they have already mastered or obtained from other channels to make decisions on certain issues based on their own practical experience and wisdom.

Make quick decisions, clear responsibilities, and give full play to the subjective initiative of the leader

Constrained by the leader's personal character, knowledge, ability, experience and courage

Usually used to guide the organization's strategic goals

Usually used to guide organizational tactical decisions

Usually used to guide organizational business decisions

Decisions are generally made by middle and middle managers in the organization.

Decisions are generally made by senior managers in the organization

Make the organization form a production-oriented business philosophy (provide whatever I produce and sell whatever I can)

Make the organization form a market-oriented business philosophy (I will produce whatever the market needs, the user is God, and the customer is always right)

The starting point of decision-making is the organization's own production conditions and production capacity

The starting point of decisions is market demand

They tend to maintain the status quo. They are afraid of change and even more afraid of failure.

Welcome change, be brave to innovate, and treat failures with tolerance

Time-sensitive decision making

Knowledge-sensitive decision-making

Brainstorming method

Nominal group technology (also known as "nominal group law")

Delphi Technology (Expert Prediction Method)

When determining the direction of a certain unit's business activities, it should consider its relative competitive position and business growth rate.

Analysis of the current status and characteristics of enterprise operating units from the two dimensions of market prospects and relative competitiveness