Dependence on traditional farming methods

Low productivity and crop yields

Few factories and limited industrialization

Lack of advanced technology and infrastructure

Restricted by colonial policies

Dominated by foreign companies

Majority of population living below the poverty line

Lack of job opportunities for the masses

Caste system leading to discrimination

Wide gap between rich and poor

Insufficient healthcare and education facilities

Inadequate transportation and communication systems

Efforts to improve farming techniques and productivity

Redistribution of land to address inequality

Establishment of public sector enterprises

Encouragement of domestic industries through protectionist policies

Emphasis on indigenous production and consumption

Development of indigenous scientific and technological capabilities