CHain of infection

The chain of infection is a crucial concept in understanding and preventing the spread of infectious diseases. It outlines the sequential events necessary for an infection to be transmitted from a source to a susceptible host. In this mind map, we will explore the components of the chain of infection, including the infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host. By visualizing this interconnected chain, we can better comprehend how infections propagate and identify key points for intervention and control.

Edited at 2023-11-21 16:50:38

Khalid Taha

CHain of infection

Khalid Taha

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congestive heart failure
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autonomic nervous system
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Chain of infection

Infectious agent

An infectious agent is a microorganism, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, that causes disease.

Different types of infectious agents have specific modes of transmission and characteristics.

These agents can enter the body through various routes, such as respiratory, digestive, or skin.

Reservoir

A reservoir is a place where infectious agents can survive, grow, and multiply.

Reservoirs can be living organisms (humans, animals) or inanimate objects (water, soil).

Ex: C.b in soil but the source of infection from canned food

Animal resrvoirs - Zoonosis

Brucellosis - cows and pigs

Anthrax - sheep

Plague - rodents

Trichinellosis - swine

Tularemia - rabbits

Rabies - bats - raccons - dogs

West nile encephalitis - birds

Monkeypox - dogsor prairie

NEW IN HUMANS

HIV/AIDS

Ebola

SARS

Enviromental reservoirs

Histoplasmosis - in the soil - fungal agents

Legionnaires - water supplies

Portal of exit

The portal of exit is the route through which infectious agents leave the reservoir.

Influenza + TB - RST

Schistosomes - urine

cholera vibrio - feces

scabiei - skin lesions

Rubella - syphilis - toxoplasmosis - Hepatits B - malaria - BLOODborne agents

Malaria - Athropods

Modes of transmission

Modes of transmission are the ways in which infectious agents are transferred from one host to another.

Direct contact

Mononucleosis - kissing

Gonorrha - person to person contact

Hookworm - contaminated soil

Droplet spread

>5 microns

Pertussis - meningococcal

Airborne dust

Droplet nuclie - <5 microns

Measles

Vehicles

Passive carring - HAV

C.b in canned food

Vectors

Biologic transmission - malaria or guinea worm

Mechanical means -

Flies - Shigella in their appendages

Fleas - Yersinia pestis( plaque) in gut

Portal of entry

The portal of entry is the route through which infectious agents enter a susceptible host.

Influenza use RST as enetery and exit

Gastroenteritis - fecal-oral entery --> feces( and no washed hands) --> vechicle --> oral

Hookworm - skin

Syphilis - mucous membrane

HBV and HIV - blood

Susceptible host

A susceptible host is an individual who is at risk of acquiring an infection from an infectious agent.

Toxoid - toxin that been deactivated but retains its capacity to stimulate production of toxin