MindMap Gallery Netfilter network data processing architecture

Netfilter network data processing architecture

This is a mind map about Netfilter. Netfilter is a network packet processing framework in the Linux kernel. It provides a flexible way to control and modify network packets.

Edited at 2023-11-11 21:59:16

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Netfilter network data processing architecture

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Outline

Netfilter

Introduction

Netfilter is a network packet processing framework in the Linux kernel

It provides a flexible way to control and modify network packets

Architecture

Netfilter is composed of multiple hook functions. Each hook function corresponds to a stage in the network data packet processing process.

Common hook functions include: PREROUTING, INPUT, FORWARD, OUTPUT, POSTROUTING, etc.

working principle

When a network packet enters or leaves the Linux system, Netfilter will call the corresponding handler in the order of the hook function.

Each handler can modify or drop the packet as needed, or pass the packet to the next handler

scenes to be used

firewall

Introduction

The role of firewall

Protect your network from unauthorized access

Protect against malware and viruses

Monitor network traffic

Type of firewall

Hardware firewall

software firewall

Cloud-based firewall

Netfilter

Introduction

Netfilter is a firewall framework in the Linux kernel

Provides flexible firewall rule management

How Netfilter works

Filtering and modification of network data packets

Rule management based on iptables and nftables

Netfilter usage scenarios

Enterprise network security

home network security

Virtual Private Network (VPN) Security

Cloud computing security;

Netfilter can be used to implement firewall functions and allow or deny network packets by configuring corresponding rules.

NAT (Network Address Translation)

Netfilter can be used to implement the NAT function and convert the private IP address of the internal network to a public IP address.

Netfilter NAT

NAT overview

The concept of network address translation

Private IP address and public IP address

The role of NAT

Types of NAT

Static NAT

Dynamic NAT

PAT

NAT usage scenarios

home network

NAT in home network

Configuration of NAT in home network

Enterprise network

NAT in corporate networks

Configuration of NAT in corporate network

service provider network

NAT in service provider network

Configuration of NAT in service provider network

Advantages and Disadvantages of NAT

advantage

Save IP address

Improve network security

shortcoming

Performance loss

Limit end-to-end connections

The future development of NAT

Popularization of IPv6

Impact of IPv6 on NAT

Network virtualization

The impact of network virtualization on NAT

cloud computing

The impact of cloud computing on NAT;

load balancing

Netfilter can be used to implement load balancing functions and distribute network data packets to multiple servers.

Configuration method

Configure Netfilter rules using the iptables tool

iptables

Overview

iptables is part of the Netfilter framework in the Linux kernel

Table of IP packet filtering rules for setting up, maintaining, and checking Linux systems

Provides flexible firewall management mechanism

tables and chains

A table is a collection of rule sets

The chain is the order of the rules in the table

Each table can contain multiple chains, and each chain can contain multiple rules.

Common tables and chains are: filter, nat, mangle and raw

Rules and matching conditions

Rules are instructions to allow, deny, or modify IP packets;

Matching conditions are conditions under which the rule applies to specific IP packets

Common matching conditions include: source address, destination address, protocol, port, etc.

Command line tools

iptables is a command line tool for configuring iptables rules

Commonly used commands include: iptables, iptablessave, iptablesrestore, etc.

Configuration file

The configuration information of iptables is usually stored in the /etc/iptables/ directory

Common configuration files include: iptables.conf, iptablessave.conf, etc.

Application scenarios

firewall

NAT

port forwarding

load balancing

Extension modules

iptables can use extension modules to extend its functionality

Common extension modules include: ip_conntrack, ip_tables, ip_nat, etc.

Performance optimization;

The performance of iptables can be optimized by optimizing rules, using hardware acceleration, etc.

Common optimization methods include: using ipset, using hardware firewalls, etc.;

Use the firewalld service to manage Netfilter rules

Advantages and Disadvantages

advantage:

High flexibility, rules can be customized as needed

Good performance and fast processing speed

shortcoming:

The configuration is complex and requires knowledge of network protocols and Linux kernel

Depends on the Linux kernel version, different versions of the Linux kernel may have compatibility issues