Galería de mapas mentales Practical research methods in psychology
This is a mind map about practical research methods in psychology, and its main contents include: Chapter 1 Introduction to psychological research methods. The introduction is detailed and the description is comprehensive. I hope it will be helpful to interested friends!
Editado a las 2025-02-13 22:16:04,Practical research methods in psychology
Chapter 1 Introduction to Psychological Research Methods
Section 1 Overview of scientific research and psychology research
1. Overview of scientific research
1. The meaning of scientific research
The so-called scientific research refers to a kind of test of hypothesis or theory by using various scientific methods, following the scientific cognition process, and based on the analysis of collected factual materials, in order to seek the essence of objective things and their laws of motion and change. Thinking activities or processes.
2. Characteristics of scientific research
1. Purpose 2. Inheritance 3. Innovation 4. Systematic 5. Control
2. The special nature of psychological research
1. The specificity of the research object
1. Human psychology is both biological and social
2. Human psychology is developing
3. People's psychology is also different
2. The particularity of the research process
1. Psychological research is the process of subject-object interaction
2. The psychological research process lacks precise control and manipulation of the research object
3. Psychological research design is complex and detailed
4. Psychological research is susceptible to social and political factors
3. Methodological principles of psychology research
1. Principle of objectivity 2. Principle of practice 3. Principle of development 4. Principle of systemicity 5. Principle of ethics
Section 2 Development and significance of psychological research methods
1. Development and research methods of psychology discipline
Sub-theme
Psychology has a long past, but only a short history. Since Aristotle's first book on human psychological phenomena, Theory of Soul, has been discussed by many thinkers on the essence and laws of psychological phenomena, so psychology research has a long past. However, in the past 2,000 years after Aristotle, psychology has not escaped from the barriers of philosophy and even became a tool of religion in the Middle Ages. So for that long period of history, psychology could not be called an independent science. It was not until the late 19th century that many scientists began to study psychological phenomena using experimental methods and discovered some important laws that psychology began to embark on the path of scientific development.
2. Development of psychology research method
1. The development history of psychological research methods
The emergence of psychological theory is closely related to methodology and experimental paradigms, and is also inseparable from the development of natural sciences. The impact of natural science on psychology is not only reflected in research methods and technologies, but also in the guiding ideology of research (such as systems theory). Although the theoretical system of modern psychology is chaotic, it is still not difficult for us to see the opposition between materialism and idealism, metaphysics and dialectics' worldview and methodology. In the research methods of psychology, there seems to be a back and forth between subjective and objective methods. Wonter emphasizes the introspection method under the control conditions of the experiment, which can be regarded as a subjective method. In addition to objective research, cognitive psychology also affirms subjective methods and uses oral reporting to replace introspection. The subjective and objective repetition of this method does not mean that psychology has returned to its original state. In fact, every cycle of research problems or research methods in psychology is an improvement. When a certain issue is examined again with a similar perspective and method, it has enriched more content and evidence. This spiral development is a manifestation of the development concept of dialectics of materialism.
2. Current status of psychological research methods
The methodology of psychological research is still diverse, and the various methodologies and research technologies generated in various development stages and research fields coexist in today's psychological research. Even in the same research field, research methods guided by different methodologies often coexist at the same time. On the methodological issue of psychological research, it should be treated like any science, and it should not and cannot be used to forcefully unify all research work with a single research model. The complexity of psychological research objects determines the multi-level, multi-level and multi-angle characteristics of their research methods.
3. New characteristics of the development of psychological research methods
1. Ecological research ideas
2. Multi-branched research content
3. Comprehensive research methods
4. Mathematicalization of research results
5. Computerization of the research process
3. The significance of learning psychology research methods
1. Promote the development of psychological theory
2. Expand knowledge in psychology research
3. Broaden the ideas of psychology research
4. Enhance the ability of evaluation research
5. Improve your own scientific research level
6. Promote the practical application of psychology
Section 3 System of psychological research methods
1. Problems in the research methods of psychology
1. The research method level is confusing
The first level of research method is the method of completing the entire psychological research. For example, the experimental method is the method of completing the entire research and conducting experimental design, which is the entire process of designing the entire research process; while the second level of research method is only the completion of Methods for certain links of the entire study, for example, as a research method, only involves designing a questionnaire to obtain data for a certain variable. Therefore, the questionnaire is only a method to obtain data for variables, design and implement certain data according to the purpose of the research. This questionnaire is not the entire design of the entire research process. The analysis of research methods by previous generations obviously confuses these two different levels of research methods. According to this idea, whether it is writing papers or publishing textbooks, there are repeated overlaps and unclear levels, which brings great confusion to readers, making it impossible for them to clearly establish a knowledge structure about research methods.
2. The main line of research is unclear
We should use research variables as the logical starting point of psychological research methods, distinguish the research methods of variable relationships from methods of obtaining variable data, link the types of variables with the types of research methods, and compare the data patterns of variables with statistical tests of variables with statistical tests. The way of connecting the entire research method system is integrated.
2. Systematic analysis of psychological research methods
The first-level research method is called "psychological research design method", or "psychological research method", which is the method of completing the entire psychological research design. The second-level research method, called "the method of obtaining variable data", is a method involving a certain link in the research.
3. System reconstruction of psychological research methods
First, according to the logical series of psychological research method knowledge, it is divided into four knowledge modules, and the entire textbook system is arranged according to these four knowledge modules, so that the entire system arrangement is more in line with the composition of the individual knowledge structure of the research method. Second, according to our systematic analysis of psychological research methods, we divide the research methods into two levels, distinguishing the first level of "psychological research design method" from the second level of "variable data acquisition method". They form corresponding knowledge modules separately to make the entire research method system more serialized. Third, according to our understanding of the logical starting point of psychological research methods, we should use "research variables" as the main line throughout research design and statistical analysis, distinguish the research methods of variable relationships from the methods of obtaining variable data, and distinguish the variables. The type of research method is linked to the type of research method, and the data pattern of variables is linked to the method of statistical testing, making the entire research method system more rigorous.