MindMap Gallery Architectural professional BIM forward design
BIM forward design for the architectural profession. The following is the conventional forward design process for the architectural profession to intervene starting from the plan. If the timing of BIM intervention in the actual project is different, you can refer to the adjustment.
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Architectural professional BIM forward design
Architectural professional BIM forward design process
(1) In the planning stage, the floor elevations are established, the scheme model is established, the plane layout and facade modeling are refined, and various building performance simulation analyzes are conducted based on the scheme BIM model to optimize the scheme.
(2) The plan is determined and the first stage of initial design is entered. Other majors are ready to intervene, and the architectural major determines the axis network.
(3) At this time, the architectural profession needs to separate the building components from the structural components. If the building structure is separated into separate files for collaboration, the structural components need to be split into independent structural models; if the building structure is still in one Revit file, it is collaborated through the work set. , then the structural components need to be assigned to a special work set. There should be no structural beams at this point.
(4) The construction major initially determines the fire protection zones and marks the rooms.
(5) The mechanical and electrical major intervenes, creates a new file, links to the built model, copies the floor elevations and axis grid of the architectural major through the copy/monitor function, sets the base map of each floor, starts the design of this major, and submits the machine room layout and shaft requirements to the building Provide professional information.
(6) After structural calculation, add structural beams, make detailed adjustments to structural columns, walls, slabs, etc., and provide the adjusted model to various majors through links in real time.
(7) Entering the second stage of preliminary design, the architectural profession continues to carry out in-depth design of key items such as core tubes, doors and windows, curtain walls, floor (elevator) elevators, and ramps.
(8) Cooperate with the mechanical and electrical majors to adjust the plane of the machine room and shaft, and provide the adjusted model to each major through links in real time.
(9) The mechanical and electrical major will make suggestions on the location of fire hydrants, drainage ditches, floor drains, etc., and the architectural major will model them.
(10) In addition to the continuous deepening of each part of the major, the architectural major also needs to check the integrated models of each major at any time, control the net height and spatial effects, and coordinate each major to complete the preliminary pipeline synthesis based on the electromechanical main line.
(11) Adjust the architectural model to its basic shape, make preliminary design drawings such as horizontal, vertical, and cross-section plans, and complete the preliminary design.
(12) In the construction drawing stage, continue to deepen the design of each detail, and at the same time coordinate and implement the funding for reserved holes by the mechanical and electrical major.
(13) Draw large-scale drawings of walls, core tubes, bathrooms, doors and windows, etc.
(14) Continuously integrate models, control net height, and coordinate all majors to complete pipeline synthesis based on all mechanical and electrical pipelines and ends.
(15) Complete construction drawing models and drawings.
Essentials of Revit modeling for architectural professionals
Floor elevation and axis grid
Floor elevations and grids are called "datum elements" in Revit, which are reference objects for other components. They are different from the concepts in CAD. In Revit, both are 3D elements and both are unique. That is to say, the ④ axis seen in each floor plane and each vertical section is the same element. If the ④ axis is moved in a certain view, it will affect each view of the entire Revit document. It can be imagined that in a three-dimensional space, the elevation of each floor is a datum horizontal plane, and each axis represents a vertical datum plane. Starting from the Revit 2019 version, the 3D display of floor elevations is supported; the grid does not support 3D display. In the figure, the ④ axis must be set as the working plane before it can be displayed in the 3D view. Since the floor elevations and axes of other majors need to be consistent with those of the architectural major, the copy/monitor function of Revit is generally used to link the model of the architectural major, and then select its floor elevations and axes for copying/monitoring. Tip: For large-scale projects and multi-unit projects, it is recommended that elevations and axes be produced independently before collaborative design, so that each discipline can be individually linked and copied/monitored. At the beginning of modeling, generally set the floor elevation first and then draw the grid so that the grid range covers all floors by default. Of course, it can also be adjusted later. In order to avoid misoperation, the axis network must be locked after it is established.
Technical points of floor elevation:
1) Floor elevations can only be created in elevation sections, and some plug-ins provide the function of batch creation. 2) Floor elevation is a system family, and its symbols are nested loadable families, which need to be produced by yourself according to enterprise drawing standards. At least three types of upper elevation headers, positive and negative zero elevation headers, and lower elevation headers should be preset in the Revit template to meet different needs. Except for "Symbol" being set to a different symbol, the rest should be consistent, and the line pattern should be a floor line pattern that conforms to the company's standards. 3) The floor elevation can be switched between 2D/3D state in the vertical section. In the 2D state, the header position of this view can be adjusted independently without affecting other views. 4) Structural elevations can be created at the same time. Generally, the structural elevation is offset downward by a fixed value based on the building elevation. Since there are a large number of professional structural components that need to be constrained to the structural elevation, such as the bottom of the building wall, structural frames, and structural panels. The top surface, etc., can save the need to enter the elevation offset value of each element through the structural elevation, and directly use the structural elevation as the constraint elevation (that is, the offset value is 0). Tip: At present, the country has begun to pilot the 3D BIM construction drawing review system. The review system requirements in various places have not yet been unified. Some review systems do not support the simultaneous construction elevation and structural elevation in the project. In this case, the only option is to abandon the structural elevation.
Key points of axis network technology
1) Revit software will automatically increment the axis number when creating or copying the axis, but it will not avoid the O and 丨 axes and needs to be modified manually. Some plug-ins can create grids in batches and automatically skip O and I numbers. 2) The grid is also a system family. Multiple types should be preset in the Revit template to adapt to the needs of different axis number characters. 3) Only when the "Axis Number Middle Section" is set to "Custom" can the line type be set according to company standards. 4) "Non-plan view symbol" should be set to "bottom" to comply with the expression habit of vertical section axis numbers at the bottom. 5) Except for the plane, the grid is only displayed in views perpendicular to it. Non-orthogonal axes sometimes do not show up in the section, most likely due to very small deviations that cause the section to be not perpendicular to the axis. At this time, precise alignment can be achieved through alignment and other operations. 6) The grid is only displayed on the plane that intersects it. If the podium part of the grid does not need to be displayed on the tower plane, its height can be adjusted in the vertical section so that it only intersects with the podium. 7) The grid can also switch between 2D/3D status in the view, similar to the floor elevation. Adjust the axis number header position in 2D state and expand it to other views through the "Influence Range" command. 8) When the cropping view is turned on in the view and the range of the elevation/grid exceeds the range of the cropping area, its length will be cropped and the state will be converted from 3D to 2D. If the cropping is cancelled, the 3D state is restored. ♀Tips: Axis grids cannot be converted from 3D to 2D in batches. There is a roundabout way: Use "Crop View" to crop them, manually drag the 2D endpoint of a primitive, and the other axis endpoints locked to it will also move accordingly, and then cancel "Crop". Just click "Crop View" or modify the "Crop Area". 9) The axis network is the positioning benchmark for the entire project and must be absolutely accurate. Therefore, it is prohibited to use the method of picking up or capturing CAD base maps to establish the axis network. The axis network should be accurately positioned through copying, offsetting, etc., or using plug-ins to create the axis network in batches. net.
wall
floor slab
Similar to walls, floors are also divided into architectural floors and structural floors. The former includes building surfaces, outdoor cladding, etc., while the latter, in addition to conventional structural floors, flat roofs and garage ramps are also generally made of floor slabs. (1) Distinguish between building floors and structural floors The distinction method is the same as that of walls. Whether the structural parameters are checked or not is used to determine whether the floor is a structural floor. The setting of the view filter is simpler. The floor type can directly set the filter conditions through the structural parameters. Of course, the classification in the example is not enough. For example, the bathroom sink tank filled floor, the basement roof backfilled earth floor, etc. all need to be set up separately. View filter To make a distinction. (2) Floor boundary Whether it is a building floor or a structural floor, most of them are connected to other components (structural beams, columns, walls, etc.), so the boundary setting of the floor has a great impact on the running speed. Many users like to make the floor slabs of the same height and thickness on a floor into one piece, which often slows down the editing speed in the later stage. It is recommended that the size of the floor boundary be controlled as much as possible, and multi-area boundaries be disabled. (3) The relationship between the floor, wall and room In the key points of wall modeling, we mentioned that the bottom of the infill wall should be flat on the top of the structural floor; the building floor slab should be sheared by the infill wall, so that the cross-sectional relationship is correct and consistent with the actual construction situation. The boundary of the floor slab can cover multiple rooms, or each room can have a separate floor slab. However, if there is a door on the wall, there will be a gap at the door, and the boundary still needs to be edited. ♀Tip: The only problem caused by this height relationship is that there will be two wires at the door opening. Because the door level is the floor level, which is higher than the bottom of the wall, there are two visible lines. We solved this problem by modifying the family. (4) Find the slope of the floor For drainage slopes with very small slopes, the floor slab can form a slope by editing sub-elements. Note that if you need to keep the bottom of the floor level and only find slopes on the top surface, you need to set one of the items to variable in the structural layer settings of the floor. After adding sub-elements, a sloped ridge appears on the surface of the floor. You can control the switch or line width through the inner edge of the sub-category of the floor in the w setting. Garage ramps are often made of floor slabs, and their editing freedom is higher than the ramp categories that come with Revit, and they are more flexible for turning, slope changes, etc. A turning lane, with a high degree of control over each key point through sub-primitives. (5)Floor opening There are generally two ways to create floor openings. One is to edit the floor boundary and leave the opening; the other is to use the "Building/Structure→Shaft" command to open the hole. The latter can set up multi-story shaft openings that pass through the floor slabs, ceilings, and roof components of multiple floors at the same time, and can set symbolic lines. This is a recommended approach for shafts with simultaneous openings on multiple floors to ensure that the upper and lower Openings are consistent between floors. Note that the tube well label still needs to be marked with additional text, or the rooms must be labeled by room. Shaft openings have no effect on linked files, i.e. slabs in linked files cannot be cut. However, you can see the shaft opening of the linked file itself, and you can also select and view its properties through the Tab key. If the architectural and structural majors are modeled separately, the openings must also be set separately, and check whether the two are consistent. doors and windows Doors and windows are all loadable families, and their modeling points are more dependent on the production of the family. When making enterprise prototypes, commonly used door and window styles need to be pre-made, which can be placed directly in the project. When other styles are needed, they can be made separately. Several points of attention related to the drawing expression of door and window families: (1) Make visibility settings for various entities. Components such as door handles and veneer panels should be set to only fine visibility, and the check boxes for planes and side elevations (i.e. "left/right view") should be unchecked. (2) Pay attention to plane expression. The two-dimensional expression of doors and windows does not come directly from the sectioning or projection of the model, but is expressed by drawing separate lines in the family, which must conform to the customary expression method. Especially for windows, for example, some design companies have If there are persistent requirements for "wire window" or "four-wire window", then corresponding settings must be made in the family. (3) Pay attention to facade expression. Opening methods such as casement doors and windows, sliding doors and windows must be expressed through detailed drawing lines. Tip: Revit's casement doors and windows cannot be distinguished from inwards and outwards openings by the dotted solid line of the facade opening line. If inward doors and windows are seen in the elevation section, they can only be processed manually through the "Line Processing" function.
Room
A room is a primitive that divides the space in the architectural model based on the enclosed primitives (walls, structural columns, floors, roofs, and ceilings). These primitives are defined as room boundary primitives. Revit will refer to these room boundary primitives when calculating room perimeter, area, and volume and associate them with them in real time. The key points of room modeling are summarized as follows: (1) Room boundary The room boundary parameter of the bounding primitive can be enabled/disabled, if turned off the primitive will be ignored by room calculations. When the room boundary elements cannot be enclosed, or the same space needs to be divided into multiple rooms, you can use the "Building → Room Separation" command to manually divide the rooms and corridors around the atrium. When setting up the rooms, you need to manually draw along the atrium. A circle of room dividers, otherwise, there would be no way to leave the atrium opening. The room dividing line can be displayed through the view visibility setting switch, but the location is hidden deeper, under the "Model Category→Line" subcategory, not under the room category. Note that when Revit calculates a room, the ends of the wall or room divider do not necessarily need to be connected exactly, and a certain tolerance is allowed. There is a gap at the end of the wall in the target area. Within a certain range, Revit will ignore the gap and identify the boundary; when it exceeds 404.8mm, Revit will not ignore it. Revit allows finding components of linked files as boundaries, but the room boundary parameter should be checked in the type properties of the linked file. (2)Room height range The default height of a Revit room is 24384mm (8 feet), which needs to be modified manually (it can be set in batches for rooms on the same floor). In principle, it should be set by floor. Special rooms (such as tube wells) should be set up according to the actual height of the floor. (3) Room area calculation rules The room area calculation in Revit can be calculated based on the surface layer of the wall or the center of the wall. Generally, it is calculated to the surface layer of the wall, so that the net area of the room is obtained. This setting is in the "Building→Rooms and Areas→Area and Volume Calculation" command.
The architecture major is the "leading major" and closely cooperates with all other majors, so its design process is relatively complex. The following is the conventional forward design process for the architectural profession to intervene starting from the plan. If the timing of BIM intervention in the actual project is different, you can refer to the adjustment. It should be noted that the process listed here mainly considers the collaboration between majors and basically does not affect the existing design deepening process of this major.