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Галерея диаграмм связей 3.1 Personality development and differences
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3.1 Personality development and differences
This is a mind map about 3.1 personality development and differences. Personality is a unique pattern that constitutes a person's thoughts, emotions and behaviors. This unique pattern contains a person's stable and unified psychological quality that distinguishes him from others.
Отредактировано в 2024-04-12 22:15:46
3.1 Personality development and differences
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3.1 Personality development and differences
Overview of Personality Development
Basic connotation of personality
personality definition
Personality is a unique pattern that constitutes a person's thoughts, emotions and behaviors. This unique pattern contains a person's stable and unified psychological qualities that distinguish him from others.
personality traits
unique
People's hearts are different, each has its own face
stability
Integration
Personality integration is an important indicator of mental health
Complexity
informed consciousness system
mental state system
personality dynamic system
personality trait system
cognitive style
temperament
character
self-regulatory system
self-knowledge
self experience
self control
Example: With a cold eyebrow and a thousand fingers, he bows his head and is willing to be a bully
Feature
Personality determines a person's lifestyle and even determines a person's destiny
Sociality
personality theory
basic theory of personality
Dynamic theory of personality structure - Freud
Id (lowest level): Follow the pleasure principle
Self (middle): Follow the principle of reality
Superego (highest level): Follow moral principles
Trait theory (originating from the United States in the 20C40S)
Main representatives: Allport, Cartel
Allport's personality trait theory
Common characteristics: transient, changing with changes in social standards and customs. common to most or a group
individual characteristics
Primary characteristics (the most typical and most general)
Central traits (5-10 in each person)
Secondary trait - only manifested in special circumstances; rarely known to anyone but those closest to him
Cattell's personality trait theory
The theoretical model of personality traits is divided into four levels
individual characteristics and common characteristics
surface traits and root traits
Root Traits—The Most Important Traits
Physical traits and environmental traits
Motivation traits, ability traits, temperament traits
Cattell's Personality Trait Theory: Building on Allport's
five-factor model of personality
Costa and McCrae proposed the NEO Personality Inventory in the 20C80s
Also called "Personality Ocean Theory"
Dominance❌
The psychologist who first proposed the theory of "introversion-extroversion" personality types - Jung
type theory
Holland's personality theory
Personality is divided into six types based on the relationship between personality characteristics and career choice.
realistic, research-based
artistic, social
Enterprise type, conventional type
Spranger's theory of personality
According to the six forms of human social activities, people are divided into six personality types.
Economic type, theoretical type
aesthetic, religious
Rights type, social type
self theory of personality
Maslow's self-actualization theory
missing needs
Physiological needs (lowest level)
security needs
Belonging and love needs
need for respect
growth needs
self-actualization needs
cognitive needs
aesthetic needs
Rogers' theory of healthy personality
self-improvement person
Characteristics
Be honest about your experiences
Pay attention to what's happening right now
trust your feelings
Anxiety and defense mechanisms
Conditional and unconditional positive regard
Erikson's personality difference theory (eight stages)
Basic trust versus basic distrust (0-1.5 years)
Sense of autonomy versus shame and doubt (2-3 years old)
Sense of initiative versus guilt (4-5 years old)
Diligence versus inferiority complex (6-11 years old)
Self-identity versus role confusion (12-18 years old)
what kind of person am i
career orientation, gender roles
The psychological characteristics of people in adolescence are the sense of identity and the prevention of identity confusion, analyzing the current situation and looking forward to the future.
Intimacy versus loneliness (early adulthood: 18-25 years)
Sense of reproduction versus stagnation (mid-adulthood: 25-50 years)
Self-integration versus hopelessness (late adulthood: age 50-death)
personality measurement
self-report personality test
Minnesota Multiple Personality Inventory (MMPI)
Edwards Personal Interest Scale (EPPS)
Cattell 16 Personality Factors Test (16PF)
Used to measure 16 personality root traits
projective personality test
Rorschach inkblot test
thematic apperception test tat
Sentence Completion Test
Prevention of abnormal personality among primary and middle school students
The number one cause of personality disorders in adolescents is: Abandonment and neglect by adolescents
The concept of abnormal personality: also known as personality disorder. Unable to adapt to life normally due to severe personality deviation, causing obvious harm to society or causing personal pain
Abnormal personality types of students
Dependent (indecisive, difficult to adapt to new environments)
Schizophrenia (withdrawn type) - emptiness and pain when alone
Obsessive-compulsive: strict and perfect; excessive self-restraint, lack of creative thinking
Aggressive type: competitive and careless in learning
Paranoid type: high self-esteem, sensitive and suspicious, fearful
Histrionic: Highly egocentric, emotionally superficial, easily suggestible
Antisocial type: The main characteristic is that behavior does not conform to social norms. The core of clinical manifestations is lack of self-control
Narcissistic type: arrogant, likes to instruct others, lacks empathy, and has strong jealousy. Few close friends, closed, lonely, low self-esteem
Contrary to type: appearing to be honest on the surface, but engaging in small tricks behind the scenes, often becoming a hindrance to class activities
Prevention of Abnormal Personality
Provide education on outlook on life and world view
Provide psychological counseling classes to popularize relevant knowledge
Integrate into the teaching of various subjects
Carry out psychological counseling and counseling
Establish students’ psychological transformation status files
Optimize the educational environment
Strengthen teachers’ own quality
Strengthen educational research on personality and mental health
Tip: Know your best friend