MindMap Gallery Basic structure and physiology of bacteria
This is a mind map about the basic structure and physiology of bacteria. The basic structure of bacteria includes cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleoplasm.
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Avatar 3 centers on the Sully family, showcasing the internal rift caused by the sacrifice of their eldest son, and their alliance with other tribes on Pandora against the external conflict of the Ashbringers, who adhere to the philosophy of fire and are allied with humans. It explores the grand themes of family, faith, and survival.
This article discusses the Easter eggs and homages in Zootopia 2 that you may have discovered. The main content includes: character and archetype Easter eggs, cinematic universe crossover Easter eggs, animal ecology and behavior references, symbol and metaphor Easter eggs, social satire and brand allusions, and emotional storylines and sequel foreshadowing.
[Zootopia Character Relationship Chart] The idealistic rabbit police officer Judy and the cynical fox conman Nick form a charmingly contrasting duo, rising from street hustlers to become Zootopia police officers!
Microbiology and Immunology
microorganism
Three bacteria
Bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes
Four bodies
Spirochaete, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Rickettsia
Virus
prion
Three bacteria> Four bodies> Viruses> Prions Measured in size
bacteria
Functions and reproduction methods of bacteria
Definition: A single-celled microorganism among unicellular prokaryotes
Cells are between animal cells and viruses in microns
Types: cocci, bacilli, spiral bacteria
Bacterial morphology: looking at individual cell morphology
Group form: Colony: an independent group with a certain shape visible to the naked eye. The colonies are connected together and are called lawn, lawn>colony
Bacteria: Invisible to the naked eye, also called single cells
Reproduction method: Reproduction by binary fission (one divided into two, two divided into four, multiple four divided and the intracellular material divided equally)
basic structure of bacteria
cell wall
Gram stain: positive bacteria - blue-purple
The thicker cell wall produces exotoxins, which is unique to teichoic acid (tannic acid)-positive bacteria.
Acts on cell wall negative bacteria - red
The cell wall is thin, endotoxin is produced, lipopolysaccharide is produced, and lipopolysaccharide is unique to negative bacteria.
Functions: ① Maintain bacterial shape and strength, tolerate hypotonic environment ② Prevent harmful substances from entering and maintain internal and external balance ③ Participate in normal division
cell membrane
Basic structure: phospholipid bilayer with protein embedded in it (electron microscope observation)
Function: Maintain normal osmotic pressure in cells (promote reaction acceleration), and exchange internal and external reactions
=1isotonic
>1Hypertonic
<1 hypotonic
The cell membrane is damaged and the cell will die
cytoplasm
Definition: All materials within the cell membrane except nucleoids
Function: A place where bacteria carry out nutritional metabolism (metabolism) and synthesize nucleic acids and proteins.
Ribosomes: important site for protein synthesis
nucleoid (nucleoid)
Definition: Contains the genetic genes of bacteria that control the inheritance and variation of bacteria (important parts of bacteria)
Function: Nucleosome controls bacterial morphology
The special structure of bacteria
capsule
Definition: A mucus-like substance produced on the periphery of the cell wall
Function: ①Protect bacteria ②Can resist the action of animal phagocytes and antibodies and thus have invasive power
Importance: An important place for nutrient storage and waste removal from the body
flagellum
Definition: Most bacterial cells have one to dozens of curved filaments on their surface
Function: With sports function
Detection method: semi-solid medium
The surrounding turbidity is motility
Clear and transparent without flagella surrounding it
Flagellum component protein, antigenic
Classification of flagella: Monochae, Dichae, Trachochae, and Perichae
pili
Definition: Gram-negative bacteria, a small number of Gram-positive bacteria, with short and numerous hairs (cilia, fimbriae)
Pili are hollow protein tubes
Function: ① Has adhesion function ② Related to plasmid delivery
Classification
Sexual pili: The F2 plasmid carries a virulence factor and is related to bacterial conjugative transfer.
Ordinary pili: Divided into 6 types, except for F2 pili, the other ordinary pili are adherent to the epithelial cell membranes on the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, digestive tract and genitourinary tract, enter and invade cells
spores
Peptidoglycan is a component of prokaryotic cells, all bacteria have peptidoglycan, bacterial prokaryotes, large DNA molecules
A bacterium is a cell,