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Local blood circulation disorder-local congestion
This is a mind map about pathology, including local congestion, local blood circulation disorders and other knowledge points. It is introduced in detail. If you need it, hurry up and save it!
Editado a las 2024-03-31 12:21:35,
Local blood circulation disorder-local congestion
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- Resumen
local blood circulation disorder
normal blood circulation function
Maintain the structural and functional integrity of cells and tissues
Maintain the internal environment of the body
Types of blood circulation disorders
Local: coronary heart disease (coronary atherosclerosis) → affects the whole body
Systemic: Right heart failure (systemic) → obvious local manifestations
Symptoms of local blood circulation disorder
blood changes
changes in blood volume
increase →congestion
Hyperemia (arterial congestion or active congestion)
Congestion (venous congestion or passive congestion)
reduce → ischemia
blood quality changes
Increased blood coagulability → thrombosis
Foreign body appears in the blood → emboli → embolism
Foreign body appears in the blood → emboli → infarction
blood vessel wall changes
Increased permeability of blood vessel walls
Edema, leakage bleeding
Damage to blood vessel wall integrity
rupture hemorrhage
Symptoms of local blood circulation disorder
congestion
congestion
ischemia
Bleeding
Edema
thrombosis
embolism
infarction
local congestion
Concept: Increased blood content in blood vessels of local tissues or organs is called local congestion.
type
arterial congestion (hyperaemia)
Concept: Congestion of local tissues or organs due to increased arterial blood input is called arterial congestion or active congestion, referred to as congestion.
reason
Physiological congestion
Purpose: To adapt to the physiological needs of organs and tissues or the need for metabolic enhancement
Example
Gastrointestinal mucosal congestion after eating
Cerebral blood vessel congestion during emotional excitement
Skeletal muscle congestion during exercise
Pathological congestion
inflammatory hyperemia
Congestion (ascites) after decompression
Pathological changes
The naked eye is “red, swollen and hot”
Oxygenated hemoglobin increases in the microcirculation, and the tissue color becomes bright red
Peripheral circulation blood perfusion increases, and organ tissue volume increases
Enhanced metabolism increases temperature and enhances functional activities
under the mirror
Congestion and dilation of local arterioles and capillaries
Influence
profit
Enhance blood circulation and promote metabolism
Inflammatory defense (inflammatory hyperemia)
Disadvantages
Arterial wall thickening (repeated attacks over a long period of time);
Headache, dizziness (meningeal congestion)
Blood vessel rupture and bleeding (occurs due to atherosclerosis/hypertension, etc.)
Venous congestion (congestion)
Concept: Due to obstruction of venous return, blood accumulates in small veins and capillaries, causing an increase in blood volume in local tissues and organs, which is called ~ (passive congestion, congestion)
reason
venous compression
Such as tumor compression or too tight bandage (external pressure)
venous lumen obstruction
Such as intravenous thrombosis, embolism (internal plug)
heart failure
Left heart failure - pulmonary congestion
Right heart failure - liver congestion
Pathological changes
The naked eye is “purple, swollen, and cold”
: The content of deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood increases, the color of local tissues and organs is dark red, and the skin or mucous membranes appear blue-purple, which is called cyanosis.
Tissues and organs increase in size due to blood pooling
Local blood flow decreases, blood oxygen content decreases, metabolism slows down, and the temperature of local tissues and organs decreases.
under the mirror
Small veins and capillaries in the tissue dilate, and the cavities are filled with red blood cells
Effects and outcomes (prolonged congestion)
congestion edema
Congestive bleeding
Tissue atrophy, degeneration and necrosis
Congestive sclerosis
Congestion of vital organs
pulmonary congestion
Cause: Left heart failure (most common)
mechanism:
Liver congestion