Reaction to repressive Rowlatt Act of 1919

Led by Mahatma Gandhi.

Non-violent protest against oppressive laws

Raise awareness among Indian population.

Widespread protests across India

Government crackdown on dissent.

Occurred on April 13, 1919

British troops opened fire on a peaceful gathering.

Led to national outrage

Intensified anti-British sentiments.

Launched in 1920 by Gandhi

Response to Jallianwala Bagh Massacre and Rowlatt Act.

Promoted boycotting British goods and institutions

Encouraged swadeshi (self-reliance).

Widespread participation by Indians

Strengthened nationalist sentiments.

Occurred on February 4, 1922

Violence erupted during a protest.

Gandhi called off the Non-Cooperation Movement

Emphasized the importance of non-violence.

Established in 1927 to review constitutional reforms

Comprised of British members only.

Widespread protests in India

Demands for Indian representation.

Push for greater autonomy during the 1930s

Reflects growing discontent with British rule.

Paved the way for future negotiations.

Rise of extremist factions in the national movement

Rejection of moderate approaches.

Activities by groups like Hindustan Socialist Republican Association.

Inspired a younger generation in the struggle for independence.

Launched by Gandhi in 1930

Aimed at protesting salt laws.

The Dandi March in March 1930

Symbolized defiance against British policies.

Increased mass participation

Gained international attention.

India's involvement in WWII

British attempts to seek supports from Indians.

Nationalists demanded complete independence

"Quit India" resolution was passed in 1942.

Established in 1906 as a political party representing Muslims

Advocated for rights and interests of Muslims in India.

Led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Called for a separate nation for Muslims based on the Two-Nation Theory.

Increased communal tensions among Hindus and Muslims.

Initiated in August 1942

Called for immediate British withdrawal from India.

Massive protests and demonstrations

Gandhi's call for "Do or Die".

Brutal crackdown by British authorities

Increase in national unity against colonial rule.

Bose was a prominent nationalist leader

Advocated for armed struggle against British rule.

Formed to fight alongside Axis powers

Sought to liberate India from British control.

Inspired future generations of freedom fighters

Emphasized the importance of military engagement.