背景介紹： 1.It is quite common these days for sb in many countries to do sth 2.A controversial(有爭議的) issue of modern societies is whether 句子 A of B –B的A

擴展： 1. Whether or not this is a good thing is a moot point(懸而未決的). 2. 對方的觀點（Some people/individuals are in favor of（支持） the view that 對方的觀點）

自己的觀點： 1. In my opinion（As far as I am concerned）, it is essential/necessary for sb to do sth. 2.My view is that （the advantages outweigh the disadvantages) 3. I agree/disagree with this view.(多用於是否同意類別）

Some people believe that children should be allowed to stay at home and play until they are six or seven years old. Others believe that it is important for young children to go to school as soon as poss. What’s your opinion. A…..B…..what is your opinion?

A controversial issue of modern societies is whether children should stay at home before six or seven or go to school early.

Some people are in favor of the view that children should stay at home for a longer time.

Howerer, my view is that children should go to school as early as possible.

In many countries, traditional foods are being replaced by international fast food. This is having a negative effect on both families and societies. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

It is quite common these days for people in many countries to eat international fast food rather than traditional food.

Whether or not this is a good thing is a moot point. I agree with this view that this trend has negative effects on both families and societies.

As countries develop, more and more people buy and use their cars. Do you think the advantages of this trend for individuals outweigh its disadvantages for environment?

It is quite common these days for people in many countries to buy and use their cars.

Whether or not this is a good thing is a moot point.

My view is that the benefits for people outweigh the disaster for environment.

核心句 擴充

An obvious argument in favor of (支持） sb doing sth/doing sth is that 分論點1 擴展。

Moreover,分論點2 擴展。

人（一般指參與者）

環境（一般參與者所處的環境）

分情況（當題目中出現屬於不同事物的A and B）

例1

例2

sth have positive effects on sb或 sth can positively affect sb

This is beneficial for sb.

There are benefits for A if B do sth.

解釋

反面的論證

舉例子

解釋

解釋 反面對比

解釋 舉例子

解釋 舉例子 反面對比

原因1

結果1

首段：問原因

第二段：原因（個人）

第三段：原因（團體：家庭，公司，學校，社會）

第四段：解法（可分開兩段寫）

首段：問結果

第二段：結果1（個人）

第三段：結果2（團體：家庭，公司，學校，社會）

第四段：解法（可分開兩段寫）

國際： 加強合作，達成共識，制定國際標準（strengthen the cooperation; reach the agreement, set international standards） 國內： 政府： 頒布法規敢於引導或懲罰（enact laws and regulations to intervene and guide/punish） 提供教育，提升全民意識（offer education to raise the awareness of the general public） 頒布優惠政策，投入資金，解決問題（carry out some preferential policies and invest money/funds in solving the problem） 提高稅（High-tax penalties/punishments should be imposed on sth/ Governments can put taxes on sth）

再次審題，寫明對方觀點

不少於30個單字

從邏輯上反駁（把對方的理由反過來說 支撐） This is less likely as 支撐

採取措施解決問題 This issue can be solved by various methods.

The line graph shows (describes, demonstrates, illustrates, gives information about, indicates) 資料形式 描寫物件 地點 時間

描述對像做主詞

升降平做主語

There be句型

趨勢

兩大特徵

連接詞

The graph below shows radio and television audiences throughout the day in 1992 in the UK.

首段改寫

中間段1

中間段2

結尾：總結/對比

先寫峰值（最大，最小）

其它資料依照資料間關係組團描寫(相似/倍數）

1.The percentage of sth is the highest/maximum, with 33%./accounting for 33%/(33%). The percentage of working and sleeping time was 65%, with/accounting for 33% and 32% respectively(分別地) 2. sth account for=occupy=constitute(佔有) the minimum proportion/share, with only 2%. The time which was spent in travelling to work accounted for the minimum share, with only 2%. 3.數值做主詞：65% of time was spent on working and sleeping, with 33% and 32% respectively. 18% of time was spent on relaxing at home 4.There was 33% of time which was spent on working .(there be) 5.人或國家做主語 working adults spent 32% of time on sleeping.

相似： 1.A is similar to B/A is the same as B 2. A, B and C account for(occupy=constitute) similar proportions, with 4%, 5% and 6% respectively(=separately). 3. There be: There is a slight difference/gap in A and B, accounting for 3% and 4%.（3% and 4% respectively) There are some slight differences in A, B and C. 4. 人或國家做主語

倍數： 1.A double/triple/quadruple B 2.A is twice as much/many as B three times-four times

The chart shows the percentages of time working adults spent on different activities in a certain country in 1958.

The pie chart shows that there are four main causes of farmland becoming degraded in the world today. Globally, 65% of degradation is caused by too much animal grazing and tree clearance, constititing 35% and 30% respecur 30% degradation is due to over-cultivation of crops. Other causes account for only 7% collectively.

These causes affected different regions differently in the 1990s, with Europe having as much as 9.8% of degradation due to deforestation, while the impact of this on Oceania and North America was minimal, with on 1.7%. , with the highest overall percentage of land degraded(23%), also suffered from over-cultivation(7.7%) and over-grazing (5.5%). In contrast, Oceania had 13% of degraded farmland and this was main due -grazing(11.3%). North America had a lower proportion of degraded land at only 5%, and the main causes of this were over-cultivation(3.3%) and, to a lesser extent, over-grazing(1.5%).

Overall, it is clear that Europe suffered more from farmland degradation than the other regions, and the main causes there were deforestation and over-cultivation.

The table gives information about the proportions of consumer expenditure which was spent on different items in Ireland, Italy, Spain, Sweden and Turkey in 2002.

As can be seen from the table, food/drinks/tobacco were the most important daily items for all the five countries, while consumers paid the least money for leisure and education. Specifically, Turkey spent the mostost m. with 32.14%. Ireland ranked the second, spending 28.91% of money. The rest three countries spent relatively less money on these items, with around/approximately 15%, 16% and 18% respecly.

In terms of footwear and clothing, the proportion of money which was spent was the most in Italy (9%), while only 5% of money was spent on these items in Sweden. The expenditure spent in Ireland, Spain and Turkey accounted for weden. The expenditure spent in Ireland, Spain and Turkey accounted for weden. The expenditure spent in Ireland, Spain and Turkey accounted for weden. The expenditure spent in Ireland, Spain and Turkey accounted for weden. proportions, with about 6%.

All the consumers in five countries spent the least proportion of money on leisure and education, fluctuating from 1.98% to 4.35%.

Overall, the five countries spent different proportions of money on different items.