They have chlorophyll

They can be unicellular or multicellular

Eg-> Chlamydomonas, Spirogyra

They don't have organelles

They are unicellular

Eg->Vibriocholerae, Lactobacillus, Cyanobacteria

They are Saprophytes

They can be unicellular or multicellular

Eg-> Bread mould, Aspergillus, Penicillium

They are parasites

They are unicellular

Eg-> Amoeba, Paramecium, Plasmodium

Curd is made by Lactobacillus which promotes conversion of milk into curd

Bacteria and Yeast are used for fermentation in rice idlis and dosa batter as when they respire, they release CO2 which bubbles the dough and increase its volume

Yeast is used in baking industry to make breads, pastries and cakes fluffy and soft

Microorganisms are used for making alcohol, wine and acetic acid or vinegar

Yeast is used for alcohol and wine production as if we feed them on natural sugars, they do fermentation(process of conversion of sugar into alcohol)

Antibiotics are medicines obtained from microorganisms which stop the growth of disease-causing microorganisms in our body

Eg-> Streptomycin, Tetracycline, Erythromycin, Azithromycin

They are mixed in fodder of livestock and poultry to check microbial infection in animals

• Antibiotics should be taken by prescription of qualified doctor • We should complete the course of medicines given by doctor • If taken in no need or wrong doses, it will be less effective when needed • Unnecessary doses may kill beneficial bacteria in body • They are not effective against viral diseases

Antibodies (Immunoglobulin Protiens or Clycoprotiens) are produced when invader enters the body

Antibodies learn how to fight a particular microorganisms by experiencing it

Vaccines are dead/weakened microorganisms which teach body how to release suitable antibodies for a particular disease

Children are given vaccines in different ages to prevent diseases and are encouraged to be given in programmes like Pulse Polio Programme

Some Microorganisms convert atmospheric nitrogen into soluble nitrogen and increase soil fertility for plants

Animal and plant wastes are decomposed by microorganisms

They also release the nutrients back into the soil

Chemical Method

Sugar

Common Salt

Oil and Vinegar

Heat and Cold Treatments

Storage and Packing

1st. Nitrogen Fixation-> The Atmospheric Nitrogen is turned into soluble nitrogen by either nitrogen fixing bacteria or energy of a lightning.

2nd. Nitrification-> The soluble nitrogen is released into the soil.

3rd. Assimilation-> The soluble nitrogen is taken up by the plants for utilisation.

4th. Ammonification-> When animals take up the plants and later on die, their dead body releases nitrogen back into the soil.

5th. Denitrification-> When the nitrogen returns back in soil, denitrifying bacteria turn it back into atmospheric nitrogen and release it.