MindMap Gallery Organizing and describing data
The organization and description of data are key steps in data processing and information analysis, which help to better understand and interpret the data. Welcome to like and collect!
Edited at 2024-03-17 12:37:57This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
Chapter 2: Collection and description of data
Section 1: Organizing of data
1. Classification of data
(1) Quantitative trait data
Quantitative traits refer to traits that can express their quantitative characteristics in a quantitative or technical way
counting data
Refers to quantitative trait data obtained by counting
Measurement data
Quantitative trait data obtained only by measurement methods such as measurement tools such as measures, quantities, and scales
(ii)Quality Characteristics Data
It refers to traits that can be evaluated through sensory evaluation. Such traits are generally described in words and cannot be expressed directly in quantity. However, the observation results can be quantified. There are two methods.
counting method
Within a certain population or sample, count the number of times according to the category of a certain quality trait, and use the number of times as the quantity of the quality trait.
rating scale
This method uses different numbers to represent the difference in the degree of manifestation of a certain phenomenon.
2. Inspection and verification of information
Before sorting and analyzing the data, the original data need to be checked and verified. The purpose of checking and verifying original data is to ensure the completeness and correctness of the original data. The so-called completeness means that there are no missing or duplicated original data. The so-called correctness refers to the measurement and recording of original data without errors or unreasonable combinations.
3. Methods of organizing data
Compilation of counting data
For counting data with few observation values and a small variation range, each different observation value is grouped into a group to make a frequency distribution table.
Collection of measurement data
Measurement data cannot be organized according to the grouping method of technical data. When grouping, it is necessary to first determine the full range, number of groups, group distance, group median and group limit, and then group each observation value into a frequency distribution table.
1. Find the full distance
Range (R) is the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in the data, also known as the range
2. Determine the number of groups and the distance between groups
Group distance refers to the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of each group
3. Determine the group limits and group median
The maximum and minimum values of each group are called group limits, the minimum value is the lower limit, and the maximum value is the upper limit. The midpoint value of each group is called the group median, which is the representative value of the group. Group median 🟰 (Group upper limit ➕ Group lower limit) / 2 🟰 Group lower limit ➕ Group distance / 2 🟰 Group upper limit ➖ Group distance / 2
4. Grouping, underlining and counting, and making a frequency distribution table
After the grouping is completed, group each observation value in the data one by one, draw lines and count, and then make a frequency distribution table
Compilation of quality trait data
Quality trait data can be grouped according to traits or attribute categories, and the times of each group can be counted separately to make a frequency distribution table.
4. Commonly used statistical tables and charts
Statistical tables use tabular form to express the quantitative relationship between data; statistical charts use geometric figures to express the quantitative relationship between data. Using statistical tables and charts, the characteristics, internal composition, and interrelationships of the research objects can be expressed concisely and vividly to facilitate comparison and analysis.
Statistics table
Structure and requirements of statistical tables
The title describes the main symbol of the thing concisely and accurately.
The headings are divided into horizontal headings and vertical headings.
Always use Arabic numerals, the numbers are aligned with decimal points, and the number of decimal places is the same. If there are no numbers, use "-" to indicate.
Types of statistical tables
simple table
Composite table
summary graph
Basic requirements for drawing statistical charts
The title of the statistical chart should be concise and to the point and listed below the chart.
There should be scales on the horizontal and vertical axes, with units indicated. The horizontal axis goes from left to right, the vertical axis goes from bottom to top, and the values are from small to large.
The graphic aspect ratio is approximately 5:4 or 6:5
When different colors or lines are used to represent different things in a picture, there should be a legend
Commonly used methods for drawing statistical graphs
Histogram
polygon diagram
Bar chart
circle diagram
line graph
Section 2: Description of the data
1. Centralized description of data - average
arithmetic mean
median
mode
geometric mean
harmonic mean
2. Discrete description of data-variation number
Very poor
standard deviation
coefficient of variation