MindMap Gallery Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Anatomy of Flowering Plants is a discipline that delves into the anatomical structure of flowering plants. It focuses on the internal structure of plants, including the subtle features of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits. Through this subject, students can gain a deeper understanding of the growth process of plants, understand how they adapt to the environment, and engage in life activities such as photosynthesis. This discipline is not only crucial for botany researchers, but also has practical significance for workers in fields such as agriculture, horticulture, and ecology. Mastering the knowledge of Anatomy of Flowing Plants helps to better understand the ecological role of plants, optimize crop cultivation, and protect and restore the ecological environment. This is a mind map about Anatomy of Flowing Plants. The Introduction to Plant Analysis branch of a map contains three main branches, namely Definition and Importance, Important, and External Features of Flowing Plants. The independent Plant issues main branch consists of two sub branches, namely Meristematic issues and Permanent issues. Each main branch has a detailed description of multi-level sub branches. Suitable for people interested in anatomy of flowering plants.

Edited at 2024-01-24 01:30:19

Harshita Patil

Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Harshita Patil

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Anatomy of flowering plants

Nehemiah Grew - Father of plant anatomy KA Chaudhary- Father of indian plant anatomy Book- By Katherine esau(1960) - Webster's of plant biology- encyclopedia

Introduction to plant anatomy

Definition and importance

The study of internal structure of flowering plants

Important

Nehemiah Grew - Father of plant anatomy

KA Chaudhary- Father of indian plant anatomy

Book- By Katherine esau(1960) - Webster's of plant biology- encyclopedia

External features of flowering plants

Roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits

Functions and variations in morphology

The sieve tubes and companion cells are connected by pit field present between the longitudinal walls.

Plant tissues

Meristematic tissue

Undifferentiated cells

cells have capability of division

Apical Meristem - Primary Meristem The stem which occur at the tip of the roots and shoots and produce primary tissues are called apical meristem. Auxilliary bud - During the formation of leaves and elongation of stem , some cells left behind from shoot apical meristem. capable of forming a branch or flower Present atthe axils of leaves. Intercalary Meristem - Primary Meristem The meristem which occur between mature tissues is known as intercalary meristem. They occur in grasses and regenerate parts removed by grazing herbivoures . Secondary Meristem or Lateral Meristem - Particularly those who produce woody axis and appear lateral then primary meristem. Cylindrical Meristem. Responsible for producing the secondary tissues. Ex: Fascicular Vascular cambium Intrafascicular cambium Cork cambium

Growth in plants is largely restricted to specialized regional active cell division called meristem

Composed of immature cells.

During the formation primary plant body specific regions of apical meristem produce dermal tissues , ground tissues and vascular tissues.

Q. why are apical and Intercalary meristem primary? Because they appear early in life of a plant and contribute to the formation of the primary plant body.

Permanent tissues

Newly formed cells become structurally and functionally specialised and loose their ability to divide.

Simple tissues

They are similar in structure and function. made up of only one at a time amoung there 3

Parenchyma

Summary

Collenchyma

Dicot-occurs in layers below the epidermis.

Summary

Sclerenchyma

Cells- long, narrow.

Cell Wall- lignifiied having a few or numerous pits.

Usually dead and without Protoplast.

commonly found in funit wals of nuts and pulp of fruits like guava, pear and sapota seed coats of legumes and leaves of tea.

Summary

Complex tissues

Many type of different cells and these work together as a unit. mixture of all

Xylem Function - conducting tissue for water and minerals from roots to the stem and leaves. Provides mechanical strength to the plant parts.

(1) Trachids

Elongated or tube like cell. Thick and ligninfied walls and tapering ends. Dead and without protoplasm Inner layer - different thickening of cell wall.

(2) Vessels

Elongated cylindrical tube like made up of many cells called vessel members . Lignifield walls and a large central cavity . Devoid of protoplasm. Vessel members are interconnected through perforation. Absent in gymnosperm. characteristics feature of angiosperm

(3) Xylem Fibres

Highly thickened walls. obliterated central lumen. either septate or aseptate.

(4) Xylem Parenchyma.

Living cell and thin wall . cell wall- cellulose. Stores food material in the form of starch and fats and tanin.

The radial conduction of water take place by the ray parenchymatous cells. .

Phloem Function - Transports food material . From leaves → Whole Plant.

Sieve Tubes

→ Absent in Gymnosperms. → long tube and are arranged longitudinally → Associated with companion cells . → The end walls are perforated in sieve like manner to form sieve plates. → Peripheral cytoplasm and specialised Parenchymatous cells.

Companion cell

→ Specialised parenchymatous cells . → associated with sieve tubes. → . absent in gymnosperms .

Phloem Parenchyma

→Cells- elongated, tapering ends,Cylindrical. → Dense cytoplasm and nucleus. → Has pits through which plasmadesmetal connection exists between the cells.

Phloem Fibres

→ Sclerenchymatons cells. → absent in primary Phloem. elongated, unbranched and have pointed needles like apices. → Cell wall-Thick → Maturity → fibres loose their protoplasm and die. → Jute , Flax and Hamp.