心智圖資源庫 顱的整體觀
臨床醫學 本科 解剖學,顱的整體觀是指將顱骨視為一個整體,從各個角度和層面來觀察和理解其形態、結構和功能。
編輯於2024-03-08 10:24:33This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
顱的整體觀
頂面觀
卵圓形,前窄後寬,光滑隆凸
冠狀縫
矢狀縫
(後份兩側常有一小孔即頂孔)
夾腳縫
後面觀
夾腳縫和枕鱗
內面觀
顱前窩(一板多孔)
組成
由額骨眶部、篩骨篩板及蝶骨小翼構成
結構
雞冠
篩板
篩孔(Ⅰ嗅神經)
顱中窩(一窩七裂孔)
組成
由蝶骨體及大翼、顳骨岩部等構成。中間狹窄,兩側寬廣。
以顳骨岩部上緣及鞍背與顱後窩分界。
結構
腦下垂體窩
視神經管(Ⅱ視神經)
破裂孔
頸動脈管內口(頸內動脈)
眼眶上裂(Ⅲ動眼神經 Ⅳ滑車神經 Ⅴ1眼神經 Ⅵ展神經)
圓孔(Ⅴ2上顎神經)
卵圓孔(Ⅴ3下顎神經)
棘孔(腦膜中動脈)
三叉神經壓跡
顱後窩(一隆凸兩溝四孔)
組成
主要由枕骨和顳骨岩部後部構成
構成
枕骨大孔
枕內隆凸
舌下神經管內口(Ⅻ舌下神經)
橫竇溝
乙狀竇溝
勁靜脈孔(頸內靜脈 Ⅸ舌咽神經 Ⅹ迷走神經 Ⅺ副神經)
內耳門(Ⅶ顏面神經 Ⅷ前庭蝸神經)
側面觀
外耳門
乳突
顴弓
顳窩(顴弓以上)
翼點
位置:位於顳窩前下部,顴弓中點上方約兩橫指處
構成:由額,蝶,頂,顳四骨匯合處構成H形的縫
特徵:骨板薄弱,內面有腦膜中動脈前支通過
臨床意義:骨折時易傷及腦膜中動脈,形成硬腦膜外血腫
顳下窩(顴弓以下)
四壁
前壁為上顎骨體和額骨
內壁為翼突外側板
外壁為下顎支
下壁與後壁缺如
相通
向上經卵圓孔和棘孔與顱中窩相通
向前經眶下裂通眶
向內經上顎骨與蝶骨翼突之間的翼上頜裂通翼顎窩
翼顎窩
相通
向外通顳下窩
向前借眶下裂通眶
向內借腭骨與蝶骨圍成的蝶腭孔通鼻腔
向後借圓孔通顱中窩
借翼管通顱底外面
向下移行於腭大管,繼經腭大孔通口腔
前面觀
額區
眉弓
深面有額竇
眉間
眶(四角錐形深腔 一尖一底四壁)
尖 指向後內的視神經管通顱中窩
底部(眶口) 眶上切跡或眶上孔(眶上神經血管) 眶下孔(眶下神經血管)
四壁
上壁 前外側 淚腺窩,容淚腺
內側壁 淚囊窩,容淚囊
下壁 眶下裂,眶下溝,眶下管
外側壁 眶上裂
骨性鼻腔(前方開口於梨狀孔,後方開口於鼻後孔,通咽腔) 被鼻中隔分為左右兩半
上鼻甲 後上方與蝶骨之間的間隙,稱為蝶篩隱窩
中鼻甲 後方有蝶腭孔,通翼顎窩。
鼻旁竇
額竇 眉弓深面
開口:中鼻道前方的篩網漏斗處
篩竇 篩骨迷路內
開口:前,中群開口於中鼻道,後群開口於上鼻道
蝶竇 蝶骨體內
開口:蝶篩隱窩
上顎竇 上顎骨體內
開口:中鼻道半月裂孔
竇口高於竇底,故竇內積水時直立不易引流
骨性口腔
外面觀(了解)
新生兒顱的特徵
腦顱體積大,面顱:腦顱≈1:7(成人1:4)
顱的骨化中心發育明顯,從顱頂觀察,呈五角形
額竇尚未發育,眉弓,眉間不明顯
顱囟
前囟(1-2歲閉合)
後囟
蝶囟
乳突囟