心智圖資源庫 圖書採購工作梳理
這是一篇關於採購工作整理的心智圖,主要內容包括:供應商管理,採購流程,採購訂單管理,採購商品管理。
編輯於2024-11-23 12:02:56Rumi: 10 dimensions of spiritual awakening. When you stop looking for yourself, you will find the entire universe because what you are looking for is also looking for you. Anything you do persevere every day can open a door to the depths of your spirit. In silence, I slipped into the secret realm, and I enjoyed everything to observe the magic around me, and didn't make any noise. Why do you like to crawl when you are born with wings? The soul has its own ears and can hear things that the mind cannot understand. Seek inward for the answer to everything, everything in the universe is in you. Lovers do not end up meeting somewhere, and there is no parting in this world. A wound is where light enters your heart.
Chronic heart failure is not just a problem of the speed of heart rate! It is caused by the decrease in myocardial contraction and diastolic function, which leads to insufficient cardiac output, which in turn causes congestion in the pulmonary circulation and congestion in the systemic circulation. From causes, inducement to compensation mechanisms, the pathophysiological processes of heart failure are complex and diverse. By controlling edema, reducing the heart's front and afterload, improving cardiac comfort function, and preventing and treating basic causes, we can effectively respond to this challenge. Only by understanding the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of heart failure and mastering prevention and treatment strategies can we better protect heart health.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a phenomenon that cellular function and metabolic disorders and structural damage will worsen after organs or tissues restore blood supply. Its main mechanisms include increased free radical generation, calcium overload, and the role of microvascular and leukocytes. The heart and brain are common damaged organs, manifested as changes in myocardial metabolism and ultrastructural changes, decreased cardiac function, etc. Prevention and control measures include removing free radicals, reducing calcium overload, improving metabolism and controlling reperfusion conditions, such as low sodium, low temperature, low pressure, etc. Understanding these mechanisms can help develop effective treatment options and alleviate ischemic injury.
Rumi: 10 dimensions of spiritual awakening. When you stop looking for yourself, you will find the entire universe because what you are looking for is also looking for you. Anything you do persevere every day can open a door to the depths of your spirit. In silence, I slipped into the secret realm, and I enjoyed everything to observe the magic around me, and didn't make any noise. Why do you like to crawl when you are born with wings? The soul has its own ears and can hear things that the mind cannot understand. Seek inward for the answer to everything, everything in the universe is in you. Lovers do not end up meeting somewhere, and there is no parting in this world. A wound is where light enters your heart.
Chronic heart failure is not just a problem of the speed of heart rate! It is caused by the decrease in myocardial contraction and diastolic function, which leads to insufficient cardiac output, which in turn causes congestion in the pulmonary circulation and congestion in the systemic circulation. From causes, inducement to compensation mechanisms, the pathophysiological processes of heart failure are complex and diverse. By controlling edema, reducing the heart's front and afterload, improving cardiac comfort function, and preventing and treating basic causes, we can effectively respond to this challenge. Only by understanding the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of heart failure and mastering prevention and treatment strategies can we better protect heart health.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a phenomenon that cellular function and metabolic disorders and structural damage will worsen after organs or tissues restore blood supply. Its main mechanisms include increased free radical generation, calcium overload, and the role of microvascular and leukocytes. The heart and brain are common damaged organs, manifested as changes in myocardial metabolism and ultrastructural changes, decreased cardiac function, etc. Prevention and control measures include removing free radicals, reducing calcium overload, improving metabolism and controlling reperfusion conditions, such as low sodium, low temperature, low pressure, etc. Understanding these mechanisms can help develop effective treatment options and alleviate ischemic injury.
採購工作梳理
採購商品管理
物件
SKU
參考因素
採購價格
庫存
採購商品管理清單中,主要包含數據
書號、書名、定價、碼洋、實洋、折扣、規格、作者、出版社、庫存數量
以供應商為維度的價格數據
SKU資訊、供應商、合約價、返點政策/價格/階梯價格、近期採購價、歷史採購價
以倉庫為維度的庫存數據
SKU資訊、倉庫、庫存數量、可用數量、在途數量、週轉率/週轉需求量
採購角度
綜合上述
採購訂單管理
採購訂單流程
採購申請--詢價--下單--到貨--結算
採購申請是指當業務部門或供應鏈根據需求預測,需要進行採購
採購詢價是指採購需求申請審核通過後,由採購員根據採購申請製作採購詢價單給到相應供應商(我們這為直接報單)
採購單是決定供應商與採購價格之後,採購員在系統中輸入採購單詳情,正式發起採購
到貨結算指當購買入庫後,確認採購單到貨,依結款協議流轉至財務結算
採購申請單
採購單內容
狀態
採購流程
流程
業務部門(營運/銷售/客服)提示或系統預警,採購在表格中登記上架預售,並詢問供應商加貨事宜
採購人員依照業務部門的需求或系統預警,新建對應的採購申請單
採購管理人員對採購申請單進行審核
產生採購單之後,將對應採購資訊(供應商、SKU資訊及數量、入庫倉庫、預計到貨時間等)傳給相關部門,同時報送給倉庫。
採購人員每日及時追蹤貨物物流狀態,確保知道貨物出貨/運輸/到貨狀態,及時告知業務部門及庫房,庫房收到貨物後,及時驗貨併入庫,下班前確保訊息全部回覆完成,未結束事項登記採購預備表
當採購單的實物全部入庫後,保留出貨清單及採購清單,提交財務,依合約約定與供應商結算。
直至結算完畢,該筆採購流程正式結束
補充點
上流程中採購單雖然只是在系統內部流轉,但實際上採購單需要採購人員線下與供應商接治,約定預計到貨時間這部分採購商品屬於在途庫存,有些電商公司會將2~3天內的在途庫存計算到售賣庫存中
採購單有分 批到貨或只到部分貨的可能性這就需要允許 採購單分批到貨,直接終止
重要概念
安全庫存
為了防止不確定性而準備的庫存。在低於安全庫存時進行預警,開始補貨動作
採購提前期
從發出採購訂單到訂單收貨所要經歷的時間
要熟悉每個供應商的平均加貨週期(自己做好統計,各個從下單到發貨到入庫平均時間,以便告知運營做預售),同時根據往屆行業週期特點,旺季平均加貨週期
訂貨點
何時提出訂貨
訂貨量
訂貨多少
滯銷庫存盤活
每月由庫房、採購、銷售、營運負責人巡一遍庫房,梳理滯銷、呆貨、死貨,由銷售、營運負責人提供建議是否退貨或加大力度銷售
供應商管理
採購模式
自採自賣
平台從供應商採購商品台,入庫到自己的倉庫進行販售
一件代發
商品平台銷售出去之後,由供應商代發,依訂單結算商品及物流費用
多貨主倉模式
平台將倉庫開放給供應商使用,當供應商的商品入庫時,它的商品所有權屬於供應商獨佔、鎖定、共享庫存這幾種形態都可以存在當平台向供應商發起採購後,將相應商品的貨主進行變更就行
供應商資訊
基本訊息
供應商名稱、簡稱、聯絡方式(地址、聯絡人、電話)、供應商類型(自營、代發等)當供應商類型為代發時,其對應商品的訂單會流轉至供應商系統,由供應商進行出貨
財務資訊
主要是銀行帳號(銀行名稱、銀行帳號、開戶名稱)、開立發票資料(名稱、銀行、納稅人識別號碼、聯絡電話等)
經營範圍
主要專注於品牌
經營資質
採購合約
採購行為的成立要靠合約來證明
供應商評價
對於供應商的選擇與評估是供應鏈合作關係運作的基礎
評價參考指標
產品品質
交貨期
交貨量
價格
進貨費用水平
合作配合度
在採購時優先選擇供應商評級高的供應商,逐步淘汰供應商評級低的供應商,引進新的供應商