The imperial power of the Ming and Qing dynasties is highly concentrated, strengthening the feudal order and etiquette system, and constraining the behavioral norms of all classes of society

After the mid-Ming Dynasty, capitalist factors emerged and the status of merchants rose. "Confucianism and Business" influenced social concepts

New Confucianism transformed from Song Dynasty Neo-Confucianism to Ming Dynasty Neo-Confucianism, strengthened hierarchy and conciliation, and imprisoned thoughts in literary inquisition

Citizen culture rises, promotes the prosperity of folk art, and influences the development trend of folk gardening art

In the early Ming Dynasty, the ancients were imitated by autocracy, and after the middle Ming Dynasty, the freehand painting style flourished again, affecting garden creation.

The literary genre has developed and provided rich and detailed written materials for the study of private gardens.

Zhu Yuanzhang built a new building with the Daning Palace as the core, with a three-fold ring layout, following the ancient system planning and construction

The Ming Dynasty rebuilt the main body and established the two capital system. The Qing Dynasty basically followed the Ming Dynasty's pattern.

Yuan Dynasty: The Danei Imperial Garden is based on the expansion of the Daning Palace in the Jin Dynasty, with Taiye Pond and the three islands in the pool as the main landscape

Ming Dynasty: The scale of Danei Imperial Gardens has expanded, such as Xiyuan and Imperial Gardens, each with its own characteristics.

Early Qing Dynasty: Ligong Imperial Garden has achieved outstanding achievements, Changchun Garden, Summer Resort and Old Summer Palace are well-known

Jiangnan: Yangzhou Film Garden, Suzhou Canglang Pavilion, Humble Administrator's Garden, etc., with different styles

Beijing: Wanliu Hall of the Yuan Dynasty, Tsinghua Garden and Shaoyuan in the Ming Dynasty, and many royal palace gardens in the early Qing Dynasty were unique

The Changchun Palace in the Yuan Dynasty in Beijing is large in scale, and the Xiangshan Temple in the Ming Dynasty is integrated with natural scenery.

Beijing Shichahai has both leisure and cultural value, and Yantou Village, Nanxi, Zhejiang Province has unique rural characteristics

The literati of the Shiliu Garden: Gardening is integrated into the aesthetics of literati poetry and painting, represented by Suzhou Garden, focusing on creating artistic conception

Prosperous gardens of citizens: reflect the interests of citizens' lives, flexible layout, rich architectural decoration, and mutual influence with Shiliu Gardens

Various local styles: Jiangnan gardens win by waterscape, which are small and exquisite; northern gardens mostly use Beitai Lake stone and bluestone, and the style is atmospheric and stable

Large scale: like the Old Summer Palace, covering a vast area and numerous buildings, demonstrating the majesty of the royal family

Royal style: the building is brightly colored and decorated with royal special patterns and materials

Absorbing Jiangnan elements: Learn from Jiangnan garden gravel water and plant configuration techniques to create exquisite landscapes

Diverse functions: Beijing Shichahai integrates leisure, entertainment, culture and other functions to meet the various needs of citizens

Highly open: open to the public for free, with no walls or access control restrictions, promoting exchanges and interactions among citizens

Nature of green space: Focus on plant configuration, form beautiful natural landscapes, and improve urban ecological environment

Talents emerge: Ji Cheng, Li Yu and other gardeners emerge to promote the development of gardening art

Rich theories: "Garden Metallurgy" systematically expounds the theory of gardening; "A Family Word" involves many aspects of gardening knowledge

Freehand painting lead: Taking natural landscapes as the basis, pursuing the artistic realm of "although it is made by man, it is like a blooming from the sky"

Exquisite mountain-folding skills: choose high-quality stone and use a variety of mountain-folding techniques to create a landscape of strange peaks and strange stones

Later thought weakening: excessive pursuit of skills and ignoring the connotation and spiritual expression of garden culture