Increase: Births and Immigration

Decrease: Deaths and Emigration

no. of births

no. of deaths

no. that enter or leave the population

describes theoretical population increasing rapidly in number,the larger it gets, the faster it grows

the early pattern of accelerating population size

may occur when the is adequate space, an abundance of food, and no predators or disease

J-shaped curve on a graph during exponential growth

population cannot grow at this rate for a long time as resources will become limited, thus competition will increase

ex. bacteria

the population size which is determined by the maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain

how resources becomes limited during growth of population

any factors that restrains the growth of population

number of individuals environment can support over a long period

after the growth of the population, resources will less and less become available, causing growth to slow or drop

introduces limits to growth that become more intense as the population size increases

size of population fluctuates above and below carrying capacity

graph is similar to stretched S

when the population is at carrying capacity, the brith rate is the same as death rate, and growth stops

neither are accurate representation of real life but are useful tools to study populations

Density-dependent

Density-independent

Repeated reproduction: high survival rate

Big Bang reproduction: low survival rate

trade-offs in survival and reproduction

the statistical study of populations

instry and agriculture made life easier and more secure

less of getting diseases with having better sanitation and living conditions

increased birth rates and lowered death rates

lots of diseases

food was not always readily available

A long-term trend of declining birth and death rates resulting in a subtantive change in the age distribution of population

the proportion of a population in different age classes; predicts future growth of a population

Flat at the start, indicates low death rate in early and middle life, high death rates as it become older

large mammals that produce few offspring but provide them with good care

constant death rate over life span of organism; probability of dying does not change

curves drops sharply at the beginning, indicates a high death rates for young organisms, flattens out the as death rate declines for those that survived and make up to advanced years

organisms that produce large number of offspring, but provide them with little or no care

Population fight against each other or resources to live. This competition can happen between same species (same population) or with different kind of species (different populations).

life expectancy

birth rate

death rate

clumped

random

uniform or uneven