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Chapter 1 Research Methods and Objects of Psychology
Chapter 1: Psychological research methods and mind map of objects. Several main research methods include observation method, test method, correlation method, experimental method, case method, and survey method.
Modifié à 2023-10-26 09:13:40
Chapter 1 Research Methods and Objects of Psychology
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Chapter 1 Research Methods and Objects of Psychology
subjects of psychological research
individual psychology
cognition
Feel
perception
awareness, attention
memory
thinking
language
Sociality
motivations and emotions
Motivation (differences in quality and intensity)
Emotions (positive and negative)
Ability and personality
Individual psychological phenomena and behavior
Responsiveness
operability
Individual psychology and unconsciousness
Individual Psychology and Social Psychology
Socialization
psychological tasks
Basic tasks of psychology
mental process
time course
psychological structure
The relationship between various psychological phenomena
psychological brain mechanisms
The relationship between brain and psychological phenomena
The occurrence and development of psychological phenomena
Evolutionary Psychology, Developmental Psychology
The relationship between psychology and environment
regular contact
The significance of studying psychology
theoretical significance
describe, explain (reveal cause and effect)
Practical significance
prediction, control
fields of study in psychology
general psychology
Physiological Psychology and Psychophysiology
developmental psychology
educational psychology
medical psychology
Industrial Psychology
military psychology
social psychology
The place of psychology in the family of sciences
Psychology is an intermediate subject
Psychology related careers
How to be a psychologist
psychological research methods
Objectivity in psychological research methods
Several main research methods
Observation
Describe phenomena and formulate hypotheses Excellent: ① easy to understand directly ② understand the real situation Lack: repeated verification ② unable to explore causal relationships ③ objects that do not need to be studied appear ④ subject to subjective influence
test method
Quickly understand psychological quality, standardization (reliability, validity)
Relevant law
Looking for covariation relationships Excellent: Co-variation relationships can be quickly discovered Disadvantage: Unable to explore cause and effect relationships
Experimental method⭐
reveal cause and effect Excellent: ① Easy to discover causal relationships ② Easy to verify repeatedly Disadvantage: Subjective
case approach
Pay close attention to the individual cannot be promoted
Survey
Subjectively influenced by researchers, unable to reveal causal relationships
Psychology past and present
The historical background of the emergence of modern psychology
The influence of modern philosophy
Rationalism
empiricism
Effects of Experimental Physiology
Late 19th and early 1920s Important schools of psychology
constructivism
Wundt, Titchener Advocates that human direct experience is consciousness (feelings, representations and emotions) Combining introspection and experimentation Also known as "elementalism", fragmentation
functionalism
Beauty James Advocates research awareness, with pragmatism Excellent: Promoting psychology into practical life Cons: Difficult to quantify
Behaviorism
Watson, Skinner Advocates the use of experimental methods to observe explicit behavior; advocates "environmental determinism" Excellent: Quickly find causal relationships and easy to quantify Shortcomings: narrowed the scope of psychological research; exaggerated the role of environment, extreme
Gestalt Psychology
The whole precedes the parts and the whole is greater than the parts
psychoanalytic school
Vienna, Austria. Freud Studying the unconscious in personality Early termed "unconscious theory"
Research Orientations in Contemporary Psychology
Research Orientation in Psychophysiology
behaviorist research tendencies
Psychoanalytic research orientation
Cognitive psychology research orientation
Research orientations in humanistic psychology and positive psychology
Research Orientation of Evolutionary Theory
The development path of psychology in China