心智圖資源庫 工程專案管理第二章工程專案組織管理心智圖
這是一個關於工程專案管理 第二章 工程專案組織管理心智圖,包含組織的結構形式、專案組織形式、專案經理、五大組織工具等。
編輯於2024-11-27 11:59:33Rumi: 10 dimensions of spiritual awakening. When you stop looking for yourself, you will find the entire universe because what you are looking for is also looking for you. Anything you do persevere every day can open a door to the depths of your spirit. In silence, I slipped into the secret realm, and I enjoyed everything to observe the magic around me, and didn't make any noise. Why do you like to crawl when you are born with wings? The soul has its own ears and can hear things that the mind cannot understand. Seek inward for the answer to everything, everything in the universe is in you. Lovers do not end up meeting somewhere, and there is no parting in this world. A wound is where light enters your heart.
Chronic heart failure is not just a problem of the speed of heart rate! It is caused by the decrease in myocardial contraction and diastolic function, which leads to insufficient cardiac output, which in turn causes congestion in the pulmonary circulation and congestion in the systemic circulation. From causes, inducement to compensation mechanisms, the pathophysiological processes of heart failure are complex and diverse. By controlling edema, reducing the heart's front and afterload, improving cardiac comfort function, and preventing and treating basic causes, we can effectively respond to this challenge. Only by understanding the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of heart failure and mastering prevention and treatment strategies can we better protect heart health.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a phenomenon that cellular function and metabolic disorders and structural damage will worsen after organs or tissues restore blood supply. Its main mechanisms include increased free radical generation, calcium overload, and the role of microvascular and leukocytes. The heart and brain are common damaged organs, manifested as changes in myocardial metabolism and ultrastructural changes, decreased cardiac function, etc. Prevention and control measures include removing free radicals, reducing calcium overload, improving metabolism and controlling reperfusion conditions, such as low sodium, low temperature, low pressure, etc. Understanding these mechanisms can help develop effective treatment options and alleviate ischemic injury.
Rumi: 10 dimensions of spiritual awakening. When you stop looking for yourself, you will find the entire universe because what you are looking for is also looking for you. Anything you do persevere every day can open a door to the depths of your spirit. In silence, I slipped into the secret realm, and I enjoyed everything to observe the magic around me, and didn't make any noise. Why do you like to crawl when you are born with wings? The soul has its own ears and can hear things that the mind cannot understand. Seek inward for the answer to everything, everything in the universe is in you. Lovers do not end up meeting somewhere, and there is no parting in this world. A wound is where light enters your heart.
Chronic heart failure is not just a problem of the speed of heart rate! It is caused by the decrease in myocardial contraction and diastolic function, which leads to insufficient cardiac output, which in turn causes congestion in the pulmonary circulation and congestion in the systemic circulation. From causes, inducement to compensation mechanisms, the pathophysiological processes of heart failure are complex and diverse. By controlling edema, reducing the heart's front and afterload, improving cardiac comfort function, and preventing and treating basic causes, we can effectively respond to this challenge. Only by understanding the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of heart failure and mastering prevention and treatment strategies can we better protect heart health.
Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a phenomenon that cellular function and metabolic disorders and structural damage will worsen after organs or tissues restore blood supply. Its main mechanisms include increased free radical generation, calcium overload, and the role of microvascular and leukocytes. The heart and brain are common damaged organs, manifested as changes in myocardial metabolism and ultrastructural changes, decreased cardiac function, etc. Prevention and control measures include removing free radicals, reducing calcium overload, improving metabolism and controlling reperfusion conditions, such as low sodium, low temperature, low pressure, etc. Understanding these mechanisms can help develop effective treatment options and alleviate ischemic injury.
工程專案組織管理
組織的結構形式
1.設計施工分別平行分包
優點
利於業主擇優選擇
利於縮短專案週期
利於控制工程質量
利於繁榮建設市場
缺點
合約數量多、協調工作量大
投資控制難度高
2、設計施工分別總承包
中小型
優點
業主協調工作量少
合約數量少,合約管理簡單
缺點
承包人風險大
3.工程項目總承包(EPC)又稱“交鑰匙工程”
大型
優點
責任明確,合約關係簡單
易於協調控制,有利於成本控制
設計與施工可以單位統籌安排
利於進度、投資控制
缺點
招標發包工作難度高,易造成合約糾紛
業主擇優選擇範圍小
品質管制難
業主主動性受到限制
承包商風險大,合約價高
4、DBB模式(設計-投標-施工)
優點
通用型強
三方權責利分配明確
利於合約管理、風險管理和減少投資
缺點
專案週期長
業主管理費用較高
前期投入大
5.工程項目總承包管理(工程託管)(PMC)
優點
利於合約管理、協調控制
缺點
承擔風險大
6.風險型CM模式(邊設計邊施工)
時間較短
7.施工聯營體
大型、巨型
優點
經濟實力雄厚
專業種類齊全
專業水平高
得標機率高、施工風險責任小
缺點
總報價偏高
觀點存差異
8.BOT模式(管理-營運-轉交)
優點
減少政府管理項目的負擔
擴大地方資金來源
可獲得巨大利潤、擴大經營活動空間
減輕市場競爭壓力
缺點
政府:承擔較大風險,較難確定報酬率
專案公司:市場變化的風險,投資報酬率不確定
9.PPP模式
提高專案營運成功率
項目組織形式
直線型
每位員工只聽一個領導
職能型
缺點:多頭管理、管理混亂
直線職能型
適於中小型
優點:集中領導,職責清楚
缺點:訊息傳遞路線長
專案式
大型、工期要求緊
優點
以專案為中心,目標明確
權利集中,命令一致,決策迅速
簡單靈活,易於操作
利於全面型管理人才的成長
缺點
機構重複,資源閒置
難提供相互交流、學習的機會,不利於企業技術水準提高
不利於企業領導整體協調
不利於專案與外界的溝通
缺乏工作連續性和保障性,加劇企業的不穩定性
矩陣式(網格)
適於大型企業 高科技企業 工程總承包企業 從事大型建設項目 的公司
優點
有專門的專案經理負責管理整個項目,可以克服職能式組織不明,無人承擔專案責任和協調困難的被動局面
可減少專案式組織中出現的資源冗餘
資源合理利用
專案組成員對專案結束後的憂慮減少,當指定專案不再需要時,專案人員有其職能歸宿,大都回到原來的職能部門
具有較大的機動性和適應性
平衡了職能經理和專案經理的權力,企業領導可從整體上對資源進行統籌安排,以確保系統總目標的實現。
缺點
權力均衡易加劇專案經理與職能經理間的緊張局面,甚至在管理階層之間造成對立
每個專案經理都更關心自己專案的成功而不是整個公司的目標
專案經理難以在執行過程中將專案和職能部門的責任及權利分清楚
專案成員受到雙重領導
專案經理在需花費大量時間在各職能部門之間的協調上,影響決策的速度與效率,在平衡矩陣中尤其如此
專案經理
業務素質
專業能力
管理、財務、法律、經濟、風險
領導、協調、公關、隨機應變、
創新、決策、組織、指揮、控制、協調
五大組織工具
專案結構圖
組織結構圖
工作任務分工表
管理職能分工表
工作流程圖