心智圖資源庫 診斷學:心電圖(2)
包括了平均心電軸、心臟鐘向轉位、心電圖各波各段特點,以及竇性心律的判定條件等,希望對你有幫助!
編輯於2024-03-08 22:50:15This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about plant asexual reproduction, and its main contents include: concept, spore reproduction, vegetative reproduction, tissue culture, and buds. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
This is a mind map about the reproductive development of animals, and its main contents include: insects, frogs, birds, sexual reproduction, and asexual reproduction. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
心電圖(2)
心電圖的測量
心率=60/R-R間期
各波段測量
時程
波形起點前緣到波形終點前緣
振幅
向上-等位線上緣到波的上端
向下-等位線下緣到波的最低處
平均心電軸
正常心電軸範圍:-30°~ 90°
測量方法
目測法
Ⅰ、Ⅲ導聯QRS波主波皆向上-無偏移
Ⅰ導聯主波向上,Ⅲ導聯主波向下-左偏
Ⅰ導聯主波向下,Ⅲ導聯主波向上-右偏
“口對口,向左走;尖對尖,向右偏”
作圖法
向上的波與向下的波求向量和-在對應導聯軸上做出計算長度-作垂線,兩垂線交點即為心電軸頂點-連接起點與頂點,標示方向
查表法
分別測出Ⅰ導極和Ⅲ導聯QRS波群振幅向量和-查心電圖表
臨床意義
電軸左偏-左心室肥大、左前分支阻滯、右心室起始的心室速度、橫位心臟、大量腹水、肥胖、妊娠
電軸右偏-右心室肥大、左後分支阻滯、左心室起始的心室速度、垂直位心臟、廣泛性心肌梗塞、肺氣腫、正常嬰幼兒
電軸重度右偏-極度右室肥大、正常人
心臟鐘向轉位
心臟在胸腔內沿其長軸順時針或逆時針旋轉,以V3的QRS波群改變為準,從心尖部到心底部觀察
V3的QRS波群-RS
出現在V1或V2-逆鐘向轉位
左心室肥大
出現在V5或V6-順鐘向轉位
右室肥大
反映心臟電學位置變化,並非全是解剖上的轉位
正常心電圖各波各段特點
P波:心房除極波
Ⅰ、Ⅱ、aVF、V3~V6:正向直立 aVR倒置
時間<0.12s 峰間距<0.03s 振幅:肢導<0.25mV,胸導<0.20mV
QRS波:心室除極波
V5≤2.5毫伏,aVR<0.5毫伏
V1~V6:R波逐漸增大,s波逐漸減少
Q波:除aVR外,振幅<同導聯R/4,時間<0.04s
T波:心室快速復極波
V4~V6導聯-直立 aVR導聯-倒置 其餘多變
U波:後繼電器位
V3、V4導極明顯
方向與T波一致
U波明顯增高-提示低血鉀
P-R間期:心房開始除極到心室開始除極時間
0.12~0.20s
QRS時間:心室除極時間
0.06~0.10s
ST段:心室緩慢復極期
抬高:向上偏移
正常:V1~V3<0.3毫伏,其他<0.1毫伏
壓低:向下偏移
正常:<0.05毫伏
Q-T間期:心室除極和復極總時間
0.32~0.44s
J點:QRS波群終末與ST段起始交接點
大多在等電位線上
竇性心律判定條件
竇性P波:Ⅰ、Ⅱ、aVF、V3~V6:直立,aVR倒置
每個QRS波前都有相關的P波(由一次衝動產生的,P-R間期恆定)
P-R間期≥0.12s