Design Issues of Distributed Computing
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various resources of a computersystem must be protected againstdestruction and unauthorized access.
Enforcing security in a distributed system ismore difficult because of the lack of asingle point of control and the use ofinsecure networks for data communication

manages multiple resources, must bedesigned properly to increase the system'sreliability
higher reliability needed to avoid faults,tolerate faults and to detect andrecover from faults
Commonly used methods are faultavoidance and fault tolerance.

Determines whether the system can beextended in various ways withoutdisrupting existing system and services
should be flexible due: Ease ofmodification & Ease of enhancement

heterogeneous distributed system consistsof interconnected sets of dissimilarhardware or software systems
diversity causing heterogenousdistributed system far more difficult formhomogenous
heterogenous preferred as it provideflexibility

overall performance should be better thanor at least equal to that of running thesame application on a singleprocessorsystem
design principle should be consideredbatch, cache, minimize copying of data,minimize network traffic, take advantage offinegrain parallelism for multiprocessing

essential part of distributed systems e.g.,clients and servers must communicate forrequest and response
Synchronous or blocking senderwaits for receiver to execute a receiveoperation
Asynchronous or nonblocking

no common clock among the multipleprocessors
difficult task and requires that severaldifferent aspects of transparency
messages could even be lost
delivery of messages is delayed