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Cell Mind Map

Cell, in biology, the basic membrane-bound unit that contains the fundamental molecules of life and of which all living things are composed.

Edited at 2020-10-08 03:59:06

Fiona_

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Cell Mind Map

Fiona_

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Cell-Mind-Map

Animal cells

- do not have fixed shape

- do not have cell wall

- do not have vacuoles

- do not have chloroplast

- food storage at  glycogen

- have centrioles

Epithelial tissues

- squomous epithelium

- cuboidal epithelium

- columnar epithelium

- sratified epithelium

- stratified squamous

- found in epidermis of skin and in the lining of the innermost layer of esophagus

- sratified cuboidal

- found in the excretory duct of sweat glands

- stratified columnar

- found in the secretory ducts of the mamary glands

- pseudostratified epithelium

- appear to be layer but layer do not exist

Cell wall

- tough, rigid, thick non-living structure

- give very difine shapes

- Function:

- maintaining the shape of the cells

- providing strength and give mechanical support

- maintains the turgidity of cells

- allow exchange substance during homeostasis

- an important reserve of carbohydrates

Plasma membrane

- encloses the cytoplasm/protoplasm of the cells

- provides shape and protection for cells

- semi-permeable or selective permeable

- protein are embedded in phospholipid bilayer

Cytoskeleton

- made of filamentous protein networks and skeleton of the cells

- microfilament

- microtubules

- intermediate filaments

Nucleus

- largest and most prominent organelle

- oval or sperical shape

- store genetic material in the form of DNA

- Nucleolus

- to synthesize ribosomal RNA subunits for the synthesis of protein

Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER)

- Rough endoplasmic reticulum(RER)

- next to nucleus

- synthesizing protein,modifying,packaging and transport of secretory proteins

- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum(SER)

- diverse metabolics activities

Ribosomes

- small,solid, spherical granules

- an assembly of two ribosomal RNA(rRNA) that are synthesizedd in nucleus

- synthesized protein molecules

Nerve tissues

- neurones

- a cell body

- dendrites

- the axon

- neuroglial cells

Mitocondria

- bounded by two layerof membrane

- the cristae partially divide by mitochondrial fluid called mitochondrial matrix

- mitochondrial matrix contains enzymes, DNA and ribosomes

- powerhouse of cell

- energy production for the cell

Chloroplast

- biconvex disc shape

- have their own DNA, RNA and ribosomes

- enclosed by two memmbranes separated by intermembrene space

Lysosomes

- dark spherical bodies, recyling center of the cell

- contains hydrolytic enzymes

- to digest macromolecules in the cells

- recycling centre

- also digest the remains of dead organelle(autolysis process)

Golgi body

- consist of a stack of flattened membranous sacs known as cisterinae

- receives,stores,concetrate,modifies,finishes and sorts proteins

Cartilage

- Hyaline cartilafge

- most common form

- Elastic cartilage

- contains many elastic fibers giving int a yellowish color

- Fibrous cartilage

- contains a dense network of collagenn fibers

Blood

- Red blood cells ( Erythrocytes)

- White blood cells ( Leukocytes )

- Granulocytes

- Neutrophils

- eosinophils

- Basophils

- Agranulocytes

- Lymphocytes

- Monocytes

- Platelets ( Trombocytes)

Bones

- act as lever

- converting muscle contraction into movement

- Spongy bones

- found in the center of flat bones and in the end of long bones

- Compact bones

- form by osteocytes located in the lacunae

Plant cells

- have fixed shape

- have cell wall

- have vacuoles

- maintaining turgidity of cells

- have chloroplast

- contain chloropyll for photosynthesis

- food storage at starch

- do not have centrioles

Eukaryotic cells

- Consist plants,animals,funfi,slieme moulds,protozoa and algae

- chromosome are present

- have distinct nucleus

- many membranous organelles

- cell wall was made by cellulose

- undergo mitosis and meiosis

Prokaryotic cells

- Consist of bacteria and archeabacteria

- no chromosom,only circular DNA stands

- no nucleus

- cell wall made by peptidoglycan

- undego binary fusion