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Umayyad Caliphate

Umayyad Caliphate Map
Mughal Empire
In India, Zahiruddin Babar – the first Mughal
ruler – established a great empire from 1526
until 19th Ce
Umayyad
The Muslims conquered North Africa within
the first decades of the Umayyad Caliphate,
and reached Spain (alAndalus) in 711 Ce.
under Abd Rahman alDakhil 1.
Abbasids
The golden age of knowledge in Islamic
Civilization
The centre of intellectual activity during the
Abbasid Dynasty was known as Baitul
Hikmah (Bayt alHikmah)
Many scholars emergence in this dynasty,
such as alFarabi, Ibn Sina, alKhawarizmi etc.
Under the commands of Hulagu Khan, the
Mongols defeated the Islamic Dynasty of
Abbasid in 1258 Ce.
The Decline of Islamic Civilization
In Spain, Europe
The decline of Islamic empire in Spain in
1492 Century.
The dark event that had a significant impact
on the integrity of the Islamic civilization
when Sultan Muhammad II deprived of the
throne by the Christians.
Ottoman Dynasty
This dynasty are attacked by The Young
Turks under Mustafa Kamal AtTarturk.
The decline of the Ottoman Empire marked
the end of system Caliph in Islam.
After 637 years, the Ottoman Dynasty fall at
the time of Sultan Abdul Hamid II (the ruler
of Islamic Caliphate).
The Concept of Islamic Civilization
Syed Qutb said:
Islam is a religion that civilizes
Understand Islam before understanding the
Islamic civilization
Islam invites humans believe in Allah
Allah sent Messengers to invite mankind to
the right path
Includes spiritual and all aspects of human
life
Definition Of Islam
Literally: Bow, compliant, surrender and
harmonious
Terminology: obey God by faith without
doubt and bow and obey all the
commandments
Islam is a way of life
Why choose the religion of Islam?
Believe in God and noncomplication of the
understanding of God
Rules of life
Very easy to practice
Society before the arrival of the Prophet
Muhammad
Deviate from the teachings of religion
Bondage to man
Believing in many gods
Those powerful oppress the weak groups
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