DEFINITION OF POISONING
A poison is any substance that, when ingested, inhaled, absorbed, appliedskin, or produced within the body in relatively small amounts, injures the body by its chemical action
TYPES OF POISONING
INHALATION POISONING
MANAGEMENT
Carry the patient to fresh air immediately
Open all doors and windows
Initiate CPR if required; administer 100% O2
Prevent chilling; wrap the patient in blanket
Loosen all tight clothing
Keep the patient as quiet as possible.
Do not give alcohol in any form or permit the patient to smoke
SUMMARY:-THIS MIND MAP DISCUSS ABOUT WHAT IS POISONING ,DIFFERENT TYPES OF POISONING,SIGN AND SYMPTOM OF POISONING AND ITS MANAGEMENT.
.INGESTION POISONING
EXAMPLE
Industrial e.g. methanol, ethylene glycol, cyanide, arsenic
Therapeutic drug overdose e.g. paracetamol, aspirin, iron tablets, nifedipine, phenobarbitone
Household e.g. bleach, kerosene
MANAGEMENT
GASTRIC EMPTYING PROCEDURE
ABSORPTION POSIONING
Absorbed poison are taken into the body through unbroken skin.
Absorable are especially dangerous as they may not only cause local damage, but they can enter the bloodstream and cause widespread damage.
Forced Diuresis It is a simple method for some poisons. It is effect is increase with manipulation of urine pH. It is efficient only in poisons with the following properties: Substances excreted mainly by kidneys. Substances with low volume distribution. Substances with low protein binding. Types: 1- Fluid Diuresis 2- Osmotic Diuresis: mannitol 10%, which is excreted by renal tubules leading to increases in its osmotic pressure
1.Use universal precautions and secure the scene. 2. Move the patient to a safe place. 3. Calm the patient and try to place him/her in a comfortable position. 4. Locate the bite marks and stabilize. 5. Remove rings, bracelets and any restrictive garments from the affected extremity. 6. Do not apply tourniquets, do not make incisions around the bite marks, and do not suction the venom from the wound.
7. Treat for shock and provide basic life support as needed. 8. Do not give the patient any food or drink. 9. If possible, capture the snake or click a photograph for species identification. 10. Administer oxygen per local protocol. 11. Continually monitor the patient during transport.
PRE-HOSPITAL TREATMENT FOR SNAKE BITES
Remove the stinger together with the poison sac. Use a plastic card and scrape the skin’s surface to keep the sac from breaking inside the patient’s skin. Place a bag of ice or cold pack on the sting.Bring all containers, or other evidence of poisoning to the hospital. Conduct a physical exam. Treat for shock. Continually monitor the patient during transport
If antidote is not available then remove the ingested material by adminitration of charcoal, diureis, dialysis or hemoperfusion.
If there is specific antidote then administer it as early as possible.
Gastric lavage for the obtunded patient, gastric aspirate is saved and sent to the laboratory for testing
Syrup of Ipecac to induce vomiting in the alert patient ( never use with corrosive poison).
Carbon monoxide Carbon dioxide from industrial sites, Chlorine gas (common around swimming pools) Fumes from liquid chemicals and sprays ,Ammonia , Sulphur dioxide
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