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MindMap Gallery Eating and sleep disorders
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Eating and sleep disorders
This is a mind map about eating and sleeping disorders, which summarizes the possible causes, prevention, treatment, and treatment of sleeping disorders, etc.
Edited at 2024-01-18 15:02:19
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Eating and sleep disorders
eating disorder
What is an eating disorder
Definition: Abnormal eating behavior, including extreme emotions, attitudes, and behaviors related to weight and eating
Prevalence: rising trend, globalization trend
Features: Mostly women
Influencing factors: sociocultural factors, stigma of eating disorders
anorexia nervosa
Definition: An individual deliberately goes on a diet because they are worried about gaining weight, resulting in significant weight loss. They often suffer from malnutrition, metabolic and endocrine disorders, and intermittent overeating.
clinical manifestations
Excessive dieting
Very worried about obesity and excessive pursuit of slimness
Girls are never satisfied with their weight
Significant body phase changes
Rarely take the initiative to seek medical treatment
Subtype
Restricted
Binge eating/purging style (negative behaviors are more severe)
Comorbidities: depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, phobias, panic disorder, substance abuse, various types of personality disorders, mood disorders, schizophrenia
Medical Consequences: Menopause, other symptoms, substance abuse, anxiety and mood disorders
bulimia nervosa
Definition: Fear of gaining weight and losing control over eating, and the patient feels ashamed of the lack of control
clinical manifestations
Binge eating and loss of control over eating
Depression, mood disorders, anxiety, substance abuse
Cleaning techniques are used almost every time
Believe that their reputation and self-esteem depend largely on their weight and body shape
medical consequences
enlarged salivary glands
Erosion of the enamel of the front teeth
disrupt body fluid balance
Irregular heartbeat, decreased kidney function
intestinal problems
You may have calluses on your fingers or back of your hands
binge eating disorder
Recurrent binge eating episodes without extreme compensatory behavior
Features
Men with anxiety disorders or substance abuse disorders, and women with anxiety, anger, frustration, or sadness are more likely to
Anxiety and mood disorders
avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
avoidance or restriction of food intake
Characteristics: Significant weight loss, significant nutritional deficiencies, dependence on gastrointestinal feeding or oral nutritional supplements, significant interference with psychosocial functioning
Features
Often appears in infancy and early childhood
Consequences can occur at all ages
Easily irritated and difficult to soothe; appears aloof or withdrawn
May be related to growth retardation, affecting development and learning potential
Rumination disorder: putting half-digested food back in the mouth and chewing it again
Pica: Repeated eating of non-nutritious things, such as plaster, rope, hair or cloth Treatment: Operant conditioning, reinforcement
Possible causes, prevention, treatment of eating disorders
reason
biological factors
genetic factors
Disorders in the regulation of norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin and other systems
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenergic axis dysfunction
psychological factors
Low sense of self-control and self-confidence in taking methods
Specific distortions of body size perception change frequently
depressive symptoms
family environment factors
social factors
Western standards of female attractiveness lead to
Girls bear this pressure
Differences in evaluation between genders
media
sociocultural theory
Comprehensive model
prevention
Three-level prevention system: targeted education for people at different stages
content
Primary Prevention: Targeting Education to Vulnerable Populations
Secondary prevention: early diagnosis and early treatment for people in the early stages of eating disorders
Tertiary prevention: systematic treatment of patients
Results: Early concerns about becoming fat were an important factor in predicting later symptoms; this prevention system worked well
treat
medical treatement
Anorexia: None
Bulimia: Antidepressants
Evaluation: Lack of long-term effects, high recurrence rate
psychosocial therapy
anorexia
Treatment goals: restore diet, then change their environment and make cognitive changes
Recovery diet methods: inpatient, outpatient, compulsory, behavioral therapy, weight restoration techniques
Methods after dietary recovery: Correcting cognition and changing family interaction patterns
Bulimia
Psychodynamic therapy: free association, gentle analysis
cognitive therapy
group therapy
Behavioral therapy: exposure, response prevention
Binge Eating Disorder: Modified Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
sleep-wake disorders
Sleep: functions, cycles, quality
Sleep problems: sleep-wake disorders (quantitative, qualitative, or timing abnormalities, or abnormal behavioral or psychological events that occur during sleep or during sleep-wake transitions)
Main types
insomnia disorder
Difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep or unrefreshing sleep that is not caused by other medical or psychiatric problems but is caused internally by the body
Impact: Anxiety, depression and other psychological disorders
identify
Performance
Cause
Physiological and cognitive arousal and conditioning factors affecting sleep
Mental aspect, psychological aspect, physiological aspect, physical aspect, drug aspect
The body's biological clock and its control of body temperature
Drug abuse and light, sound and electricity in the surrounding environment
Irrational expectations about sleep time and poor sleep
How you cope with poor sleep may prolong the problem
sleep disorders
Clinical manifestations: Prolonged sleep time and difficulty waking up in the morning; hindering daily work and concentration
Cause
physiological factors
Emotional or other psychological factors
narcolepsy
Recurrent episodes of progressive dozing or sleeping
breathing-related sleep disorders
Types: obstructive sleep apnea, hypopnea, central sleep apnea, sleep-related hypoventilation
Manifestations: Wake up briefly many times, still feel tired after sleeping for eight or nine hours; I don’t understand my breathing difficulties; sweat at night, have headaches during the day, not tired during the day but fall asleep
Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders
Refers to a type of disorder caused by the inconsistency between the biological rhythm of the body's internal sleep-wake system, that is, the circadian rhythm, and the externally required sleep timing and sleep period.
Type: jet lag, shift change, sleep phase delay, phase advance
parasomnias
A disorder characterized by abnormal behaviors, experiences, or physiological events associated with specific sleep, sleep stages, or sleep-wake transitions
Non-rapid eye movement sleep arousal disorders: sleep terrors, sleepwalking
Nightmare disorder: occurs during the rapid eye movement sleep stage, and is repeatedly awakened by terrifying nightmares during the second half of the night.
Treatment of sleep disorders
insomnia disorder
Psychotherapy: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Medication, Side Effects of Medication
subtopic
sleep disorders
medical treatement
Symptomatic treatment
breathing-related sleep disorders
Medical treatment
mechanical ventilation treatment
surgical treatment
Circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders
Jet lag: benzodiazepines
Transfer type: hypnotic drugs
Delayed sleep phase: Vitamin B, antidepressants, melatonin